Mitochondria and Energy Production

Question 1

What do mitochondria do?

Answer 1

Organelle that harnesses energy from chemical compounds and turns it into ATP(energy currency).

Question 2

How do mitochondria synthesize ATP?

Answer 2

Electrochemical gradient is generated across folded interior membrane, and this energy in the gradient is used to synthesize ATP by the cell

Question 3

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 3

Capture sunlight energy to synthesize sugars through photosynthesis

Question 4

What is the thylakoid?

Answer 4

It is a third membrane in the chloroplast that contains specialized light collecting molecules (namely chlorophyll).

Question 5

Cellular respiration:

Answer 5

• Converts carbohydrate and oxygen into ATP
• Involves series of catabolic reactions

Question 6

Photosynthesis

Answer 6

Converts carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates and oxygen

Question 7

OMM (Outer Mitochondrial Membrane)

Answer 7

• Contains enzymes with diverse metabolic functions
  ex. monoamine oxidases break down monoamines
  porins that are large permeable channels when opened

Question 8

IMM (Inner Mitochondrial Membrane)

Answer 8

• Contains cristae– machinery for aerobic respiration & ATP
• Rich in cardiolipin (phospholipid) which is needed for optimal enzyme function

Question 9

Whats cristae

Answer 9

Double layered membrane folds within mitochondria

Question 10

What are the two aqueous compartments in mitochondria?

Answer 10

1) Intermembrane space
2) Matrix – space that contains mitochondrial ribosomes and DNA

Question 11

Coenzymes acting as electron carriers can exist as either…

Answer 11

Oxidized or reduced

Question 12

Oxidative phosphorylation steps [2]:

Answer 12

1) Generate an electrochemical gradient
2) Proton movement down electrochemical gradient to power ATP synthesis