Cell Basics

Question 1

What does it take to make a cell?

Answer 1

1) Information
2) Chemistry
3) Compartments

Question 2

What’s the consequence of matured red blood cells not containing nuclei or organelles?

Answer 2

1) Do not contain DNA and cannot synthesize RNA

2) Cannot divide and have limited repair capabilities

3) Feature that evolved to maximize hemoglobin carrying capacity

Question 3

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 3

Protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body.

Question 4

Enucleation

Answer 4

Process by which red blood cells eject their nucleus

Question 5

Why is information important for cell production.

Answer 5

The information is
important not only to make a cell,
but also, to create different specific
cell types through differentiation

Question 6

Oparin’s (1924) and Haldane’s
(1929) primordial soup hypothesis:

Answer 6

The assumed conditions on early Earth likely helped simple inorganic molecules react to form more complex organic compounds needed for life.

Question 7

Abiogenesis

Answer 7

Process by which life originates from nonliving chemical compounds

Question 8

Miller Urey Experiment

Answer 8

Proved Oparin and Heldens primordial soup theory. Simulated early earth conditions with various compounds and an energy source. Found that amino acids were produced.

Question 9

Whats a compartment

Answer 9

Single or double lipid layer membrane.
Ex. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, the cell nucleus, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 10

Whats the role of a compartment

Answer 10

Physical boundaries for cells to carry out metabolic activities. Creates microenvironments for different biological processes.

Question 11

Cell theory [3]:

Answer 11

1) All living organisms are composed of cells
2) The cell is the basic unit of life
3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division

Question 12

Prokaryotic cell:

Answer 12

• Only form of life on earth for millions of years
• No nucleus
• Reproduce asexually
• DNA is arranged in a circular fashion (plasmid)

Question 13

Eukaryotic cell:

Answer 13

• protozoa, fungi, plants and animals
• Has a nucleus and organelles
• Larger ribosomes
• Genetic material in the nucleus is arranged as chromosomes

Question 14

What organelles are only present in plant cells [4]?

Answer 14

1) Cell walls
2) Vacuoles
3) Chloroplasts
4) Plasmodesmata

Question 15

What organelles are only found in animal cells [2]?

Answer 15

1) Lysosomes
2) Microvilli

Question 16

Basic properties of cells [9]:

Answer 16

1) Complex and organized
2) Controlled by genetic program
3) Reproduce
4) Use energy
5) Carry out chemical reactions
6) Mechanical activities
7) Respond to stimuli
8) Self-regulation
9) Evolve