Mitigation to Climate Change - C

Question 1

mitigation and adapation

Answer 1

addressing the cause of climate change
responding to the effect

Question 2

climate stabilization wedges **

Answer 2

strategy to reduce carbon emissions that grows in 50 years from 0 to 1.0GtC per year
redirects the flow of 25Gt of carbon in 50 years
already commercialized at scale somewhere

Question 3

four categories of wedges

Answer 3

efficiency + conservation
fossil fuel based strategies
nuclear energy
renewables and biostorage

Question 4

stratospheric aerosol injection of sulfur dioxide

Answer 4

sulfur dioxide does not interact with shortwave radiation directly
reacts with hydroxyl, water and oxygen to form sulfuric acid droplets
which reflects shortwave radiation

Question 5

aerosol masking

Answer 5

reflection of incoming solar radiation by aerosols
man-made and natural
air pollution has actually prevented warming it reflects solar radiation

Question 6

marine cloud brightening

Answer 6

generate more, longer lasting low-altitude clouds over oceans through injection of sea salt particles into the air

induce clouds –> more reflectivity

Question 7

refreezing arctic sea ice

Answer 7

arctic water is pumped into thin arctic ice, meaning the water freezes and ice thickens

Question 8

ocean fertilization

Answer 8

utilizing biological pump of the ocean to sequester carbon in the sediment

add nutrients to stimulate growth of phytoplankton and algae to take up more carbon

ultimately enters the sediment layer in the ocean

could cause eutrophication

Question 9

carbon capture

Answer 9

atmospheric carbon removed and incorporated into long term storage in commercial products or the rock layer