Global Energy Movement

Question 1

Energy surpluses and deficits – why?

Answer 1

solar radiation not equally distributed across globe, same amount of solar energy across wider regions at the poles

at poles, more energy emitted than solar energy absorbed

Question 2

Pressure-driven air movement

Answer 2

Air under high pressure is pulled towards areas of lower pressure

pressure equals density times constant time temperature

temperature plays a role in moving air

Question 3

Air Pressure

Answer 3

weight of molecules pressing down on each other

higher up in the atmosphere fewer molecules so there is less pressures

higher pressure closer to surface of the planet

Question 4

air parcel

Answer 4

areas of air can be at a different temperature or pressure than the surrounding air

Question 5

Landform-driven Air Movement

Answer 5

air closer to sea level has increased pressure + density
as it goes over mountains, decreases pressure, molecules in the air expand, air becomes colder

Question 6

The Coriolis Effect (rotation-driven air movement)

Answer 6

movements which would normally be straight actually curve with the rotation of the planet

Question 7

Evaporation

Answer 7

conversion of liquid water to vapor
takes energy

Question 8

Condensation common scenarios

Answer 8

conversion of vapor to liquid water
releases energy

circulation cells where warm and humid air rises
air parcel pushed vertically upward and cools
at night as air temp decreases

areas with deserts are where air circulation cells fall back to surface

Question 9

how does water vapor transport

latent heat works how ?

Answer 9

water vapor travels through atmosphere as a result of pressure and land form driven movement

latent heat absorbed: melting –> evaporation
latent heat released: condensation –> freezing

Question 10

Hadley cell

Answer 10

circulation cell of air movement which begins at the equator and descends 30 degrees north and south

Question 11

Polar cell

Answer 11

Circulation cell of air movement begins at 60N and S
descends at the poles
temperature difference drives

Question 12

Ferrel Cell

Answer 12

the in betweens, moves in opposite direction as other cells
driven by movement of other cells, weaker and more variable

Question 13

Energy Transfer with Water

(Vapor)

Answer 13

consumed when water vapor forms (evaporates)
released when vapor condenses
complete when condensation falls as precipitation

Question 14

Surface Winds

Answer 14

global pattern of movement of air in the atmosphere
driven by circulation cells + Coriolis effect

Question 15

Surface ocean curretns

Answer 15

driven by surface winds
landforms trap and deflect currents
ocean transport heat energy globally

Question 16

Deep ocean circulation

Answer 16

independent of surface
driven by differences in density because of temp and salinity

cold polar regions the main driver of circulation because of colder water and greater salinity (bc more ice)

Question 17

Ocean salinity

Answer 17

result of minerals weathered from land and both evaporation and ice formation in the ocean

Question 18

Ice formation + salinity

Answer 18

as ice forms salt minerals are left behind
liquid water left behind will have greater salt concentration than water without ice formation

Question 19

Denser water…

Answer 19

is colder and saltier and therefore sinks below other water

this drives the circulation

Question 20

Ocean Currents high vs low latitudes

Answer 20

high latitude – denser bc colder and saltier

equatorial - less dense bc warmer and less salty bc no ice there