Ecology of disease emergence - T

Question 1

epidemiological triad

Answer 1

host, environment, agent all connected to each other and to a vector

Question 2

zoonotics

Answer 2

diseases and infections of vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans

Question 3

zoonotic spillover

Answer 3

reservoir hots come in direct contact with humans and wild animals
eating or close contact transfers even more

Question 4

loss of forest cover and consumption of bushmeat drives contact between humans and wild hosts, leading to infections

Answer 4

because of forest fragmentation, increased edge of contact between humans and wild reservoirs of new pathogens

Question 5

mutations in flu virus

Answer 5

a person immunity to one antigen ( H or N) does not protect them against different antigen combinations

many viruses, many different combinations, many mutations

Question 6

antigenic drift

Answer 6

point mutations cause small changes in surface antigens
can lead to regional epidemics in populations that have had no previous exposure.

Question 7

antigenic SHIFT

Answer 7

the process by which the whole antigenic (H-N) combination changes
large pieces of genome are exchanges between different viruses attacking the same cell

this can cause pandemics. new to everyone.

pigs are mixing vessels for virus reassortment from birds to humans

pigs,humans,birds,mongoose, bats