Impacts of Climate Change and Carbon Emissions - T

Question 1

How will climate change impact biomes and species (4)

Answer 1

species distributions will change - more toward poles and high elevation
species abundance will change
new species will invade
some species will go extinct

Question 2

Phenology + examples

Answer 2

the study of how seasonal and climate variations impact the life cycles of plants and animal

cherry trees blooming, birds hatching later than the caterpillars they eat (changing ecological interactions)

mostly events are happening earlier in the year

Question 3

climate change and distribution of species

Answer 3

less cold weather, more hot weather (chance of lethal heat stress)

a 3C change in mean annual temperature will result in isotherms of 300-400 latitude

birds spending winter farther north where it is not too hot

examples: arctic plants, butterflies, marine organisms

Question 4

consequences of range shifts

Answer 4

sea surface temp influences availability of zooplankton
warm water prey smaller with lower fat content
less food reduced baby bird growth

when your food moves or disappears, the eater species declines

Question 5

Anthropogenic processes can exacerbate natural ones

Answer 5

natural beetles prefer mature lodgepole pine
with fewer fires, there are more mature trees
warmer temperatures leads to their increased survival (fewer cold snaps)

causes move decomposition, making forests a source of CO2, causing rise temps

Question 6

Effect of CO2 dissolution in water

Answer 6

increase H+ and carbonic acid and decreases carbonate ions

harder for marine organisms to form thick shells with less calcium carbonate

impact on the marine biological pump
diatoms take up iron less well when carbonate ions are reduced

Question 7

warmer water leads to …

Answer 7

less oxygen
fish need more oxygen at high temperatures
larger fish cannot compensate when oxygen declines

smaller fish :(

gill-oxygen limitation theory: growth of gill cannot keep up with the oxygen demand of growing 3d bodies
gills do not increase in constant proportion with fish body weight, fish sie is constrained by capacity to take up O2.

Question 8

rapid growth of blue-green algae caused by

Answer 8

higher nutrient concentrations + warmer temps

both increase fertilizer runoff and evaporation which directly increases growth