Global energy budget

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

Capacity to do work in the form of motion

Question 2

Potential Energy

Answer 2

PE = massgravityheight
how much something has the potential to create energy

Question 3

Kinetic Energy

Answer 3

K = 0.5(mass*velocity)^2
produced by body in motion

more mass + more velocity = more kinetic energy

atoms always moving

Question 4

Temperature
definition

Answer 4

average speed of atoms or molecules in a substance
measure of kinetic energy

increase in temperatuer = hotter
colder = slower, vibrating, no velocity

Absolute zero theoretically no movement – rare on earth, if at all

Question 5

Heat Transfer

Answer 5

when two substances have a temperature difference between them (difference in KE), heat will always move from warmer to colder object

conduciton
convection
radiation

Question 6

Conduction

Answer 6

Energy transferred through direct contact

the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer
they vibrate faster

Question 7

Convection

Answer 7

transfer of heat through the mass movement of a liquid or gas

increase in temperature –> increase in movement of molecules (they grow hotter, turn into gas)

less dense - light

Question 8

Radiation

Answer 8

energy transmitted from one substance to another in waves / particles

absorbs into object, one loses energy, other gains energy

Question 9

Electromagnetic Radiation

Answer 9

shorter wavelengths = more energy

all substances emit EMR,

objects produce one wavelength more than others (ex:color)

Question 10

Stefan-Bloltzmann Law

Answer 10

As the temperature of an object increases, more total radiation is emitted each second (exponential)

Question 11

Wien’s Law

Answer 11

As temperature of an object increases, the wavelength at which most of the energy is released will become shorter (more of it)

warmer object = more energy released = shorter wavelength

Question 12

Solar Radiation

Answer 12

produced through nuclear fusion transferred through space
small portion hits earth as shortwave radiation, visible light

6000K

Question 12

Radiative equilibrium temperature

Answer 12

difference in heat energy transferred to the planet and the heat energy lost,
determines the average temperature of Earth

this temperature is cooler than what it actually is

Question 13

Terrestrial radiation

Answer 13

mainly emitted in Infrared
only 288K, not visible to the human eye

some not absorbed