Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents

Question 1

Antiprotozoal drug that also has potent antibacterial activity against anaerobes, including bacteroides and clostridium.

Answer 1

METRONIDAZOLE

• *may also be given to anaerobic or mixed intra-abdominal infections, trichomonas, and bacterial vaginosis, brain abscess
• *avoid alcohol. Has disulfiram effect

Question 2

A natural product produced by pseudomonas fluorescens used as ointment / topical agent.

Active against:
GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI
STAPH AUREUS

Answer 2

MUPIROCIN

Question 3

This is a group of basic peptides active against gram-negative bacteria. They attach to and disrupt bacterial cell membranes.
Binds and inactivate endotoxin.

Answer 3

POLYMYXINS

**only for topical use due to significant toxicity with systemic administration.

Question 4

• Bacteriostatic and bactericidal for many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
• Has become an important alternative oral agent to uncomplicated urinary tract infection.
• Can be given for months for suppression of chronic urinary tract infection.

Answer 4

NITROFURANTOIN.

**100mg/tab qid

Question 5

Disinfectants vs. Antiseptics vs. Sterilants

Answer 5

Disinfectants prevent infection by reducing the number of infective organisms by killing, removing, or diluting.

Antiseptics are disinfecting agents with sufficiently low toxicity for host cells.

Sterilants kill both vegetative cells and spores when applied to materials for appropriate times and temperatures.

Question 6

These probably act by denaturation of protein.
Not sporicodal.
Lacks residual action because of easy evaporation.

Answer 6

ALCOHOL

Question 7

Most effective against gram-positive cocci and less active against gram-positive and negative rods.

This agent must not be used during surgery on the middle ear because it causes sensorineural deafness.

Answer 7

CHLORHEXIDINE

Question 8

HALOGENS:

1. Most active antiseptic for intact skin
2. Strong oxidizing agent and universal disinfectant
   
   • when comes in contact in formaldehyde will form the carcinogen
     bischloromethyl is formed.

Answer 8

1. IODINE

2. CHLORINE

Question 9

Disinfectant used in instrument that cannot withstand exposure to high temperatures. Acts as alkylation of chemical groups in proteins and nucleic acids.

Answer 9

ALDEHYDES. (formal and glutaral)