Chemotherapeutic Drugs Flashcards
Greatest activity to
Gram-Positive Organism
Gram-Negative Cocci
Non-B-lactamase producing anaerobes
PENICILLINS
MOA of Penicillin
INHIBIT BACTERIAL GROWTH BY INTERFERING WITH TRANSPEPTIDATION REACTION OF BACTERIAL CELL WALL SYNTHESIS.
Resistance to penicillin is due to? (4)
- INACTIVATION OF ANTIBIOTIC BY B-LACTAMASE
- MODIFICATION OF TARGET PBPs
- IMPAIRED PENETRATION OF DRUG TO TARGET PBPs
- EFFLUX
Basis of methicillin resistance in staphylococci and of penicillin resistance in pneumococci and enterococci
ALTERED TARGET PBPs
True or False.
Penicillins can be taken without food.
TRUE.
**absorption of most oral penicillins is impaired by food and drug should be administered at least 1-2 hours before or after meals.
(except amoxicillin)
Nafcillin is cleared primarily by?
BILIARY EXCRETION
Patient with renal failure was given high dose of penicillin, this can cause what?
SEIZURE
A patient developed pseudomembranous colitis, what antibiotic could cause this?
AMPICILLIN
What generation of cephalosporins is very active against Gram-positive Cocci?
FIRST GEN.
**cefazolin, cephalexin
Drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis because it penetrates well into most tissues.
CEFAZOLIN
Generation of cephalosporin with activity on ANAEROBES, and extended GRAM-NEGATIVE COVERAGE.
SECOND GENERATION.
**cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefoxitin
Generation of cephalosporin with expanded gram-negative coverage, and able to cross the BBB.
Also effective in against haemophilus and neisseria.
THIRD GENERATION
**ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefixime
Two drugs with useful activity against P.aeruginosa. They belong to what generation?
CEFTAZIDIME and CEFOPERAZONE
THIRD GEN.
Given to:
GRAM-NEGATIVE RODS
P. AERUGINOSA
GRAM-POSITIVE ORGANISM
ANAEROBES
IMIPENEM
This is an antibiotic produced by streptococcus orientalis and Amycolatopsis Orientalis.
This is only active against gram-positive bacteria (particularly staphylococci).
VANCOMYCIN
Main indication of parenteral vancomycin
SEPSIS
ENDOCARDITIS caused by MRS
Red man or Red neck syndrome is associated with what drug?
This is caused by what?
VANCOMYCIN
This is infusion-related flushing is caused by release of histamine.
This drug inhibits a very early stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms at >125mcg/ml.
FOSFOMYCIN
**approved for use as single 3-g dose for tx of uncomplicated lower UTI in women. Safe for pregnancy.
This drug when administered systemically is highly nephrotoxic and is only used topically.
BACITRACIN
**indicated for the suppression of mixed bacterial flora in surface lesion of the skin, wound, and mucous membranes
Used almost exclusively to treat tuberculosis caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to first-line agents.
CYCLOSERINE
