Miscellaneous Flashcards
1
Q
dose erythema
A
30gy
2
Q
Dose dry desquamation
A
40Gy
3
Q
dose moist desquamation
A
50gY
4
Q
Dose xerostomia
A
10Gy
5
Q
dose dysphagia
A
30Gy
6
Q
orthopnea
A
difficult time breathing when lying down - regional Lung symptom
7
Q
Pancoast tumours are what subtype?
A
usually NSCLC
8
Q
SCC (squamous cell of the lung) is located where? cause? M vs f
A
centrally, M, due to cigarette smoking
9
Q
adenocarcinoma of the lung is located where? M vs F
A
occur in Women more commonly and and are more peripheral
10
Q
where to SCC occur (small cell)
A
centrally
11
Q
where do large cell cancers occur?
A
occur peripherally
12
Q
dose for mucositis
A
3000
13
Q
dos for dry eye
A
4000
14
Q
dose for laryngitis
A
5000
15
Q
dose for trismus
A
6000
16
Q
KV for which field Mv for which field for breast
A
this is done for 4 field breast
sclav tx with KV
CHWL with MV
17
Q
otalgia
A
ear pain
18
Q
what is the term for all blood counts being decreased
A
pancytopenia
19
Q
weight loss severe vs significant
A
Significant Weight Loss 1 - 2% over 1 wk 5% over 1 mo 7.5% over 3 mo 10% over 6 mo Severe Weight Loss >2% over 1 wk >5% over 1 mo >7.5% over 3 mo >10% over 6 mo
20
Q
dose esophagitis
A
20Gy
21
Q
dose nausea & vomiting
A
10-20
22
Q
dose diarrhrea
A
20-50gy
23
Q
contraindications cisplatinum
A
kidney probs
24
Q
contraundications vincristine
A
liver probs
25
contraindications adryiamyacin
heart
26
contraindications doxorubicin
heart
27
contraindications cyxlophophamide
kidney
28
antinausea meds
llorazepam, kytril, odansetron
29
typical pulse
60-100
30
typical respirations
12-20
31
typical temperatur
37 c or 98.6 F
32
fever temp
37.6 c
33
examples of droplet precautions
- WHOOPING COUGH
- MENINGITIS
- COVID 19
- FLU
34
what is nosocomial infection
infection that occurs d/t exposure in helth care facitlity
35
precautions droplet
```
think COVID
surgical mask (on pt, on HCW, on visitors)
gloves and gown
eye protection
limit mvmnet of pts
```
36
airborne precaustions disease
neasles MMR TB
37
airborne precautions tx
N95, surgical mask, observe cough etiquette, limit mvmt, keep doors closed
38
contact precautions diseases
MRSA, VRE, cdiff
39
contact precautions PPE
hand hygeinge is very important
gloves and gowns
dispose gloves carefully
clean equipment carefully
40
who sets in place dose limits
CNSC
41
what NEW's will get a dosimeter
any MRT that will receive 1/20th of the dose reccomended
42
cumulative lifetime dose of xrt
10msv x age
43
NEW dose /5 years, / year
100mSv/ 5 years
max allowed dose /yr = 50mSv
avg dose should be <20mSv/ yr
44
whole body dose suring pregnancy
4msv / pregnancy
45
how often should expectant mothers dose be monitored
every 2 weeks
46
what is the contribution of terrestrial xrt
typically .5mSV / year
47
what is the canadian public allowed in terms of XRT /yr
1 msv
48
dose cystits
30-40Gy
49
dose alopecia
20Gy
50
what is myelosupression
- in BM function
51
anemia
- RBC (hematocrit or hemoglobin)
52
hematocrit
M: 38-46
W: 35-44
53
hemoglobin
m: 13-16
w: 12-15
kids: 11-14
54
RBC amounts
M: 4.3-5.6
W: 4-5.2
55
platlets normal amount
165,000-415,000
| <20,000 is very bad
56
total WBC count
3500-9050
57
what are the components of WBC
Neutophils, leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
58
normal neutrophil amount:
60%
59
normal leukocye amount
30% 710-4530
60
normal monocytes
6% 140-720
61
eosinophils normal amount
3% 0-540
62
basophils normal amount
1% 0-180
63
WHAT IS leukopnia
- WBC
64
What is thrombocytopenia
- platlets
65
what is pancytopenia
- all lvls : WBC, RBC, platlets
66
what must be done for pt with leukopenia
they will have - abilty to fight off infections, they must take prcauion to prevent infection
67
what must be done for pt with thrombocytopenia
they have - blood clotting abilities, therefore its important that they dont cut themselves, ensure that they dont harm the gums of their mouthes
68
pharmodynamics
th way drugs affet the body
69
pharmokinetics
the way drus travel through the body to the required spot
70
iatrogenic disease
long term drug use that damages organs ex: secondary cancers orf thrombocytopenia
71
what is hypovolemia
it is shock, caused sometims by contrast administaration when too much water is drawn from th vessels
72
what is parenteral drug administration
this is when the drug bypasses the GI tract
| it is absorbed quickly and efficiently
73
4 subtypes of perenteral admin
depends on depth of injection
1- intradermal (shallow)
2- subcutaneous (45-90 degree) injection below surface of skin
3- intramuscular (90
74
which vein is best for drawing blood
large antecubital vein
75
what veins are bst for laong term IV sdmin
lower cephalic, accesory cephalic, basilic veins
76
blood pressure
90-140/ 60-80
77
oral temp
36-37 C
78
pulse
60-100 bpm
79
when LET + RBE
+
80
WHATS the optimal LET
100kev/ um
81
radiosensitizers
chemicals that enhance response to XRT
82
RADIOPROTECTORS
- cellular rsponse to XRT
83
when are cells most senitive to XRT in the cell cycle
G2 and M phase, mid sensitivity in G1, most resistant in S phase
84
when is the most resistant timed in the cell cycle
S phase
85
regeneration after EBRT damage organs
some organs can be fixed by regeneration
Organs that are repaired this way are made of VIM (vegetative intermitotic) or DIM cells ( differentiating intermitotic)
these organs are: skin, sm intestine, BM
86
rpair after XRT damage
is healed by cells of a different organ/ cell type- this causes fibrosis or scar formation
87
what dose is repair most common at
doses >1000CGY
88
What organs is repairf most common in
radioresistant organs RPM and FPM parenchymal cells that do not divide or have the abiloty to divide (RPM -reverting postmitotic cells ex: liver or FPM- fixed postmitotic cells ex: nerve, muscle, RBC, sperm
89
structually defined FSU and ex
when only a predtermined amount of the organ can e replaired
| ex: kidney and SC
90
Structurally undefined FSU and ex
skin, where cells can migrate through organ and repair damage
91
the 3 acute radiation syndromes as a resultg of whole body exposure
hematopoetic syndrome
GI syndrome
cerebrovasculat syndrome
92
what are the phases of the whole body exposure syndrome
prodomal stage
latent phase
manifest illness stage
93
who is more resistant to XRT? M vs F old vs young
F are more resistant
| extremely young and old are more sensitive than mid aged
94
dose and mean dose of hematopoetic syndrome
100-1000cGy
| mean dose" 350-450cgy
95
hematopoetic syndrome phases s&s and timing
latent stage lasts from few days to 3 wks (BM and SCdie)
msnifest illness week 3-5 pancytopenia occurs
<300 pt will survive
300-500 death can occur after 4 wks
500-1000 death can occur in 2 wks
96
COD hemapoetic syndrome
infection and hemorhage after BM destruction
97
what dose to GI syndromed occur`
1000-10,000cgy
| can overlap hematopoetic syndrome at doses as low as 600cgy and with cerebrovascualr syndrome >5000
98
mean survival time gi syndrome
3-10 days and as long as 2 wks
99
GI syndrome timing and s&s
prodormal hrs after exposure- n&v, darhea and abdo cramps
latent stage2 - 5 days after exposure
manifest illness stage 5-10 days post exposure : n&v, diarrhea and fever
100
COD GI syndrome
BM damage leads to infection, dehydration, and electrolyted imbalance
101
what blood level changes occur in GI syndrome
-WBC leukocytes
| other blood levels dont get a chance to change as pt dies b4 this happens
102
dose for cerebrovascualr damage
can occur at doses as low as 5000cgy ->10,000CGY
103
Stages and timing and s&s of cerebrovasular syndrome
prodomal stage mins-hrs (nervousness, confusion, n&V, loss of conciousness and burning sensation
latent stage- several hours or less
manifest illness-5-6 hous after exposure diarhea, convulsions, coma and death`
104
what is COD from Cerebrovascular syndrome
not well known but thought to be d/t ICP
105
WHATV happens when mother is XRT in 4-11 wks gestation
cns and skeletal abnormalities to child
106
what occurs with xrt during week 2-3 gestation
high frequency of prenatal death or no effdct at all " all or nothing effect"
107
what occurs during fetal irradiation after 11-16 weeks gestation
mental retardation and microencephaly
108
what occurs during fetal XRT after 20 weeks gestation
functional defects like sterility
109
what does stochastic effects mean
severity of cancer does nOT depend on dose given, every dose causes some level of risk
110
deterministic effects
after a certain dose threshold is exceeded an effect will happen, below this dose the effect will not ocur
111
what cancers are associated with XRT expsoure
skin, thyroid, breast, os, lung, leukaemia
112
hyperfractionated
BID, TID
113
Hypofractionated
>2Gy / fx
114
4 rs of radibio
repair, reoxygenation, redistribution, repopulation
115
OER of x rays and gamma rays
2.5-3
116
stochastic vs deterministic in terms of timing
deterministic are changes seen within days-weeks
| stochastic are effecst seen months- yrs after xposure
117
reference dose of alpha in BED equation
alpha denotes the dose for early effects and is 10Gy
118
reference dose beta in BED equations
beta denots the dose for late effects and is 3Gy
119
when are radioprotectors/ sensitizers gven in relatio to the timing of tx
administer doses within an hour or 2
120
carcinogenesis is deterministic r stochastic
stochastic
