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PEDS Exam 1 > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

what is family configuration?

A

what the family looks like and who is who

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2
Q

what does parental relationships mean?

A

are the parents involved

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3
Q

what does chronic illness/disablity in the home mean?

A

does anyone in the home have a chronic illness

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4
Q

what is included in family dynamics?

A

family configuration, parental relationships, number of children/people in the home, chronic illness, substance abuse, socioeconomic status, values, culture, and practices

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5
Q

what should you ask a child if they are in a home with drug use?

A

if they are at an appropriate age ask if they feel safe

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6
Q

what parental factors predispose a child to abuse?

A

younger parents, undeducated, poor, single parent, substance abuse, parents who have been abused themselves

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7
Q

what child factors predispose the child to abuse?

A

1 and younger, colicky, and chronic illness

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8
Q

what environmental factors predispose a child to abuse?

A

stress, summer time, holidays, covid, divorce, poverty, unemployment, crowded home

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9
Q

who is most likely to sexually abuse a the child?

A

the victimizers around them

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10
Q

what is maltreatment?

A

umbrella term that includes neglect and physical abuse

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11
Q

what is neglect?

A

ongoing failure to meet a childs needs

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12
Q

whats more common neglect or physical abuse?

A

neglect

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13
Q

what personal factor can lead to neglect by accident?

A

lack of education

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14
Q

what are some examples of neglect?

A

no supervision, no food, or shelter

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15
Q

what is an example of physical abuse in newborns/infants?

A

shaken baby syndrome

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16
Q

what is shaken baby syndrome?

A

occurs when a baby is violently shaken which leads to brain trauma

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17
Q

why are infants at risk for shaken baby syndrome?

A

because they have big heads, a brain that floats around, and weak neck muscles

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18
Q

what age group is most at risk for shaken baby syndrome?

A

less than 1 years old

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19
Q

what are symptoms of shaken baby syndrome?

A

lack of crying/excessive, lethargy, not eating, one pupil is dilated, both pupils blown, pupils not reactive to light, FONTANEL BULGE even when not crying, seizures, vomitting, bradycardia, apnea, absence of reflexes, decreased LOC

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20
Q

what is muncausen by proxy?

A

mental illness in parent that leads them to act like their child is always ill

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21
Q

how can you diagnose or suspect Munchausen by proxy?

A

is the childs condition consistent from the outside world to inside the hospital or has anyone other than the parent seen the medical issues the child is facing

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22
Q

what usually happens when Munchausen by proxy patients come into the hospital?

A

they end up being perfectly fine

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23
Q

what are some signs of sexual abuse in children?

A

withdrawn, bruises near genitalia, torn/stained/bloody underclothing, pain/swelling/itching in genitals, hard to sit or walk, UTI frequency, very early pregnancy

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24
Q

how do you talk to a child that is potentially being abused/neglected?

A

dont make promises, go to a private place, go to quiet place, use real words for private parts, maintain safety, and report any suspscion

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25
Q

what nursing interventions for neglect/abuse?

A

Identify asap, obtain a history of their situation, assess the child/parent dynamic, remove child if there is immidiate danger, support the child, and enlist the team for help, and role model behavior?

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26
Q

what are the goals for nursing interventions for neglected/abused children?

A

protect, support, plan, and prevent

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27
Q

what is informed consent in peds?

A

this is something a parent signs in order to give consent for a invasive procedure for their child

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28
Q

what is assent?

A

this is permission given by a child to go forth with a procedure

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29
Q

is assent or consent required for a procedure?

A

consent

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30
Q

is assent or consent a legal binding document?

A

consent

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31
Q

why would we ask for assent?

A

It involves the child and is the best thing to do in terms of ethics

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32
Q

what is the age for consent?

A

18

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33
Q

what age can a person be emancipated?

A

16

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34
Q

when can a child be emancipated?

A

pregnant under 18 or to give consent for her child

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35
Q

what is required for telephone consent?

A

one parent and two nurses

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36
Q

what is the age assent is usually introduced?

A

7 years

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37
Q

what is done during an emergency for consent for peds?

A

if consent cant be signed in a timely manner the procedure is done

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38
Q

what can underage people consent for?

A

treatment of STD, mental health, pregnancy, contraception, and substance dependence

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39
Q

can you share information with parents if the child has STD, mental health, pregnancy, contraception, and substance dependence?

A

no

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40
Q

when does language development occur?

A

occurs when the infant starts interacting with the environment

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41
Q

is the rate of language development the same for every child?

A

no

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42
Q

what can effect the speed of language development for a child?

A

ear infections

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43
Q

what should be done during a infant physical assessment?

A

leave the baby in the mothers arms and do eyes/ear/mouth last

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44
Q

what should be done during a toddler physical assessment?

A

sitting in parents lap or by parent, inspect body through play, introduce equipment slowly, and perform invasive procedures last

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45
Q

what should be done during a preschool physical assessment?

A

parents close by, request self undressing, allow underwear if shy, paper doll technique

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46
Q

what should be done during a school age physical assessment?

A

respect privacy, self undress, allow underwear, give gown

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47
Q

what should be done during a adolescent physical assessment?

A

undress in privacy, self undress, gown, genitals last

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48
Q

what is ages and stages?

A

questionnaire that is filled out by parents to see how the child is doing

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49
Q

at what age is length used?

A

until the child is 24 months or able to stand on their own

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50
Q

what should be kept in mind when measuring on recumbent board?

A

plank to head, butt down, knees full extension and ankle at 90 degrees with feet flat on board

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51
Q

what should be kept in mind when measuring height?

A

no shoes, feet flat, butt/shoulders/head up against wall

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52
Q

how is head circumference measured?

A

back of head to the middle of forhead

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53
Q

what temp routes are used for 0-2?

A

axillary or rectal

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54
Q

what temp routes are used for 2-5?

A

axillary, tympanic, oral, rectal

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55
Q

what temp routes are used for 5+

A

oral, axillary, tympanic, temporal artery

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56
Q

what does enabling in family centered care?

A

creating opportunities for the family to learn

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57
Q

what does empowering in family centered care mean?

A

the nurse lets the parent do the care

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58
Q

what is stage of protest in relation to separation anxiety

A

kicking screaming and crying

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59
Q

what is stage of depsair in relation to separation anxiety

A

with drawn and not engaged

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60
Q

what is stage of detachment in relation to separation anxiety

A

interested in surrounding and making new relationships

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61
Q

loss of control??

A
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62
Q

what can you do before a hospital admission to help with anxiety

A

show them the hospital, introduce them to nurses, and machines

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63
Q

what might younger children do post hospital stay?

A

cling to parents, demanding attention, new fears, withdrawn, bedwetting, shy, hyperactive, temper tantrum

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64
Q

what might an older child do after a long hospital stay?

A

cold, dependance, anger, jealousy

65
Q

how to minimize loss of control?

A

promote freedom….riding in cart, playground, getting out

routing, independence, education

66
Q

what should be encouraged to promote sibling well being?

A

spouses trade off staying at the hospital so at least one parent is home……tell the sibling info about whats going on….gifts

67
Q

what is the difference between restraints and behavioral restraints??

A

behavioral restraints are used to tie the patient down/prevent movement due to behavior while restraints are used to prevent them from doing damage to devices

68
Q

what are mittens used for?

A

so kids dont pick at IV

69
Q

when do mittens become restraints?

A

if they are tied down

70
Q

when is a mummy wrap/blanket used?

A

it temporary and used to assess ear, nose, mouth,ct, mri

71
Q

when are elbow restraints used?

A

to prevent hands from going to the face?

72
Q

do you need an order for mummy, mits, or elbow restraints?

A

no

73
Q

what kind of questions should be avoided when asking a parent about sids?

A

accusatory questions

74
Q

what is an example of an accusatory question?

A

well did you not hear the baby crying

75
Q

what is a good question t ask a parent with a sids baby?

A

when did you find the baby

76
Q

what does developmental focus on?

A

on their current intelectual age…could be 12 but at 2

77
Q

what are the leading causes of death for infants?

A

congenital abnorms….RDS…short gestation…low birth weight

78
Q

what are leading cause of death in 5-9?

A

injuries, malignant neoplasm, congential anomalies, assault, heart disease

79
Q

what is the leading cause of death for 10-14?

A

suicide, injuries, malignant neoplasm

80
Q

what is the leading cause of death for 15-19

A

assault, suicide, malignant neoplasm, heart disease, accidents

81
Q

what is palliative care?

A

this is when all modes of treatment have been tried and they arent effective

82
Q

what is end of life care?

A

this is palliative care but right before the patient passes

83
Q

what ethical considerations should the nurse avoid when taking care of a end of life patient?

A

not performing euthinasia

84
Q

what should you do with dying children?

A

honest information, spiritual if needed, teaching the child about death, explain things at their level,

85
Q

what do toddlers/infants know about death?

A

dont comprehend death

86
Q

how do toddlers/infants react to death?

A

they react to how their parents are acting

87
Q

what do preschool kids know about death?

A

some understanding…..they think that thoughts can cause death

88
Q

what is school age kids understanding of death?

A

they think bad thoughts can cause death…..respond best to explanining

89
Q

what do adolescents know about death?

A

understand it

90
Q

how should to talk to adolescent about death?

A

answer questions fully transparent

91
Q

what are side effects of scorpion stings?

A

difficulty breathing, muscle twitch, drooling, tachycardia, hypotension

92
Q

what should be given to children with scorpion stings?

A

antivenin

93
Q

what are side effects of brown recluse bites?

A

tissues starts dying

94
Q

what are treatment options for brown recluse bite

A

skin graft and antibiotics

95
Q

what are symptoms of black widdow bites?

A

stomach/muscle cramps, high BP, shock

96
Q

what is treatment for black widdow?

A

antivenin

97
Q

what are hymenopteran?

A

stings….from bees, wasp or ants

98
Q

what is the treatment for stings?

A

remove stinger and give diphenhydramine for mild cases and epi for severe cases

99
Q

anaphylactic reaction to stings?

A

hypotension, trouble breathing, urticaria, larnygel edema, angioedema

100
Q

what should you do if child is bit by animal?

A

wash area with saline and soap….ice…apply pressure…rabies/tetanus shot…antibiotics if skin is punctured

101
Q

what should you do if child is bit by human?

A

saline and soap…..ice…pressure…tetanus shot…if bite is larger than 6mm it will need stitches

102
Q

what causes impetigo?

A

caused by a staph bacteria

103
Q

what does impetigo look like?

A

reddish patch that turns to oozing that leads to honey colored crust

104
Q

when is impetigo most contagious?

A

when it ruptures and oozing

105
Q

does impetigo leave scars?

A

no

106
Q

what is the treatment for severe impetigo?

A

oral penicillin

107
Q

what is the treatment for mild local impetigo?

A

mupirocin

108
Q

what is mrsa?

A

a bacterial infection

109
Q

what can lead to MRSA?

A

folliculitis and cellulitits

110
Q

what at home treatment for mrsa?

A

bleach bath

111
Q

how often can you bleach bath?

A

1 or 2 x per week

112
Q

what is the small spot treatment for MRSA

A

mupirocin

113
Q

what is the large spot treament for mrsa

A

?

114
Q

can the mrsa be drained

A

yes but not by the patietn

115
Q

what causes verruca wart?

A

HPV

116
Q

where are verruca warts typically found?

A

hands and feet

117
Q

what is the treatment for verruca wart?

A

surgery or cryotherapy

118
Q

what causes molluscum cantagiusum?

A

virus

119
Q

what does molluscum contagium look like?

A

flesh colored bubble with dimple in the middle

120
Q

where is molluscum contagium found?

A

in the armpit or groin

121
Q

what is the treatment for contagium?

A

goes away on its on or cut or chemically removed

122
Q

how it molluscum spread?

A

skin to skin

123
Q

what kind of infection is ring worm?

A

fungal

124
Q

where can you get ring worm from?

A

people or animals

125
Q

what is ring worm treated with?

A

oral greiseofulvin

126
Q

what is another word for ring worm?

A

tinea

127
Q

what is scabies?

A

a bug that burrows itself under the skin and reproducs

128
Q

how long before scabies lay eggs?

A

2-4 days

129
Q

how often is scabies cycle repeated

A

14 to 17

130
Q

where are scabies burrowed?

A

finger, toes, underarms, folds, neck, head

131
Q

what does scabies feel like?

A

intense itching

132
Q

what is the treatment for scabies?

A

permethrin 5

133
Q

how long do you want cream to stay on

A

8-14 hours

134
Q

can you treat a 2 month old with scabies

A

no

135
Q

how long will itching last from scabies
?

A

4-7 weeks

136
Q

what is pediulosis capitis?

A

lice

137
Q

how long can lice live off of host?

A

48 hours

138
Q

what is the treatment for lice

A

permethrin 1

139
Q

what do you do with items that cant be washed in a home wtih lice?

A

airtight bag for 2 weeks

140
Q

what is another word pinworms?

A

enterobiasis

141
Q

how is pinworms/ enterobiasis spread?

A

inhalation of eggs

142
Q

what are symptoms of pinworms/enterobiasis?

A

itchy butt hole at night

143
Q

how to diagnose pinworms?

A

put tape on butt hole and take to dr

144
Q

how are pinworms treated?

A

wtih pyrantel pamoate

145
Q

how often are you treated with pyrantel pamoate?

A

once every 2-3 weeks

146
Q

What should you tell parents whose child is taking pyrantel pamoate?

A

that it can cause red stool or vomit

147
Q

what causes diaper rash?

A

wearing soiled diaper or chem from diaper

148
Q

how to treat diaper rash

A

dry, try not wear diaper, zinc oxide

149
Q

where is molluscum found?

A

face, trunk, extremities

150
Q

what is fifths disease?

A

a eryhtema infection

151
Q

what does fifths disease look like?

A

red on face then spreads to body

152
Q

what are symptoms of fifths disease?

A

red on body wih headaches, chills, body ache, neausea

153
Q

what is the treatment for fifths disease?

A

acetaminophen

154
Q

what is scarlet fever?

A

stem from strep throat infectionw

155
Q

how is fifths disease spread?

A

respiratory secretion, blood contact

156
Q

what does scarlet fever look like?

A

full rash on body and strawberry tongue

157
Q

symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

fever, increased hr, chills, abd pain, halitosis,

158
Q

what is the treatment for scarlet fever?

A

penicillin

PEDS Exam 1 (9 decks)

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