Misc ortho

Question 1

Hypertrophic osteopathy?

Answer 1

A diffuse periosteal reaction resulting in new bone formation around the metacarpal, metatarsal, and long bones.

Question 2

Growth factor that shows promise for articular cartilage repair.

Answer 2

TGF-beta

Question 3

Define Muscle strain

Answer 3

A strain is a longitudinal stretching or tearing of muscle fibers or groups of fibers. Muscle strains tend to occur near a musculotendinous junction.

Question 4

What is the general idea of grading strains?

Answer 4

Muscle strains are categorized as grades 1 through 4; grade 1 strains are disruptions of a limited number of muscle fibers; grade 4 strains are complete ruptures

Question 5

How does healing differ in tendons that have a paratenon vs. sheathed tendons?

Answer 5

• Paratenon-lined tendons when damaged can receive vascular buds and an influx of undifferentiated cells from the paratenon and surrounding soft tissue structures

Question 6

paratenon-lined tendons, aka vascular tendons; Two examples?

Answer 6

gastroc, triceps

Question 7

Example of sheathed or non-vascular tendon?

Answer 7

digital flexor tendons

Question 8

What happens during the first 4-5 days of tendon healing? After that?

Answer 8

tendon ends lose holding power then gradually increase over the next 2 weeks

Question 9

At 6 weeks post-repair, tendon will have achieved ___% of its original strength; ___% at 1 year

Answer 9

56%,

79%

Question 10

Tendon repair: Surgery aims to produce healing without ____ formation and allows early loading–> Why do you encourage early loading?

Answer 10

healing without gap formation and allows early loading to ensure correct collagen formation and alignment; Some controlled load or strain applied across the repair from 3-4 weeks onward results in more rapid return of tendon strength

Question 11

Tendon suture patterns? (3)

Answer 11

the locking-loop (Kessler) , the three-loop pulley and the Krackow

Question 12

Good suture pattern for flat tendons?

Answer 12

Locking loop and Krackow for use in flat tendons

Question 13

___________ suture pattern works best in round tendons

Answer 13

Three loop pulley works best in round tendons

Question 14

Severed digital flexor tendons; common mistake at time of surgical repair?

Answer 14

To fail to identify the deep digital tendons and to repair only the obvious superficial tendons- Deep exploration is required in every case

Question 15

Postop, What kind of bandage? for how long? for digital flexor tendon tear

Answer 15

flexion, 3 weeks

Question 16

Medial displacement of the biceps brachii tendon of origin of the biceps brachii from the muscular groove is seen mainly in what 3 breeds?

Answer 16

• Medial displacement of the tendon of origin from the muscular groove is seen mainly in racing Greyhounds, also has been reported in miniature poodle and border collies

Question 17

Medial displacement of biceps brachii tendon of origin follows rupture of what ligament?

Answer 17

transverse humeral ligament

Question 18

Medial displacement of biceps brachii tendon of origin: treatment?

Answer 18

Surgical replacement by repairing or replacing the transverse humeral ligament resolves the lameness

Question 19

Medial displacement of biceps brachii tendon of origin: Chronic obscure lameness; Diagnosis dependent on what PE finding?

Answer 19

Abnormal movement of the tendon medially as the shoulder is flexed.