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Residency Boards > Misc CP > Flashcards

Misc CP Flashcards

1
Q

Westgard rules

A

1: 3S-1 value 3SD from mean, detects imprecision
2: 2S-2 consecutive values >2SD on same side of mean, detects imprecision and systematic bias

R:4S-2 values in same run are >4SD from each other, detects random error

4: 1S-4 consecutive values >1SD on same side of mean, defects systematic bias
10: mean-10 consecutive values on same side of mean, defects systematic bias

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2
Q

Friedewald equation

A

LDL=TC-HDL-TG/5 *not valid if TG>400

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3
Q

Corrected platelet count increment (CCI)

A

CCI= (post platelet count-pre count)xBSA/number of platelets transfused

Greater than 10,000 considered adequate response

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4
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause pseudotumor cerebri?

A

Vitamin A

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5
Q

What lab test is best to evaluate liver functional status?

A

PT

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6
Q

What percentage of plasma volume is water?

A

93%

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7
Q

Category A bioterrorism agents

A

Variola (smallpox)

Hemorrhagic fever viruses

Bacillus anthracis

Yersinia pestis

Francisella tularensis

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8
Q

HCV genotype in US

A

Most common is genotype 1 (70%) of patients

Subdivided into 1a (60%) and 1b (10%)

1a more likely to develop resistance to treatment

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9
Q

Viruses which cause hepatitis

A

Hepatitis viruses EBV CMV HSV VZV Yellow fever

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10
Q

gram negative bacteria with bipolar staining (safety pin). What bug and exposure?

A

Yersinia pestis prairie dogs

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11
Q

Causes of viral gastroenteritis

A

Rotavirus (most common) Calciviruses (Norwalk-like) Enteroviruses serotypes 40&41 Adenoviruses Astrovirus

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12
Q

Define positive HIV-1 western blot

A

2 or more of the following bands: p24, gp41, gp120/160 If one or more bands present but criteria not met, test is indeterminate. Repeat within 6 mos or do NAT

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13
Q

Causes of granulomatous amebic encephalitis

A

Acanthamoeba Balamuthia mandrillaris

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14
Q

DDX For intracellular organisms

A
  1. Leishmania-histiocytes, GMS neg 2. Histoplasmosis capsulatum-histiocytes GMS pos 3. Toxoplasma gondii- multiple cell types, some in cysts, GMS neg 4. Trypanosoma cruzi- multiple cell types (classically heart muscle), GMS neg
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15
Q

Types of malaria with q48hr fever (tertian)

A

P ovale P vivax P falciparum

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16
Q

Type of malaria with q72hr fever (quadrant)

A

P malariae

17
Q

HbS protective against which malaria spp

A

Plasmodium falciparum

18
Q

Duffy neg blood protective against which malaria spp

A

Plasmodium vivax

19
Q

What mold produces aflatoxin

A

Aspergillosis flavus Aflatoxin is carcinogen producing HCC

20
Q

What species of aspergillosis is resistant to amphotericin B

A

A terreus

21
Q

Gorlin syndrome

A

“Nevoid basal call carcinoma syndrome” AD, PTC gene in chr9q Body overgrowth, jaw keratocysts, skeletal abnormalities and predisposition to neoplasms

22
Q
A

Gaucher cell

inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase

Child p/w hepatosplenomegaly and hepatic dysfunction

23
Q
A

Niemann-pick disease

foam cell

autosomal recessive d/o of lipid metabolism

24
Q

What color top tube for ESR?

A

Lavendar

25
Q

McLeod phenotype

A
  • X-linked recessive disorder, lacking part of X chromosome encoding for Kell antigen on RBC
  • acanthocytes on peripheral smear
  • often have co-existing chronic granulomatous disease (since CGD gene is adjacent on X chr.)
26
Q

HHV8 associated diseases

A
  1. primary effusion lymphoma
  2. kaposi sarcoma
  3. multicentric castleman disease
27
Q

Hardy-Weinberg equation

A

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

28
Q

Testing that CLIA does not apply to

A

-Forensic

–Research tests

–Noninvasive tests (e.g. breath tests)

–Collection kits

–Workplace drug testing

29
Q

What are 2 labs that pathologist cannot direct?

A
  • HLA/Immunogenetics
  • Cytogenetics
30
Q

Formula for PPV

A

PPV % = TP/(TP+FP)

*PPV depends on disease prevalence; PPV increases as prevalence increases

31
Q

Formula for NPV

A

NPV % = TN/(TN+FN)

32
Q

Disease with Homogenous ANA, mitoses+

A

indicates ssDNA and histone abs

SLE, sjogren, mixed connective tissue disease

33
Q

Disease with peripheral ANA, mitoses +

A

anti-dsDNA

-PBC, chronic liver disease, drug induced SLE

34
Q

Diseases associated with speckled ANA, mitoses -

A

anti-Sm, RNP, SS-A, SS-B,

CREST, SLE, mixed CT, sjogren, RA, scleroderm

35
Q

diseases with nucleolar ANA, mitoses -

A

anti-RNA pol I and RNP

scleroderma

36
Q

Diseases with centromere ANA, mitoses + in centromere pattern

A

antibodies to centromere proteins (CENP-A, CENP-B.._

CREST

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