Misc CP Flashcards
Westgard rules
1: 3S-1 value 3SD from mean, detects imprecision
2: 2S-2 consecutive values >2SD on same side of mean, detects imprecision and systematic bias
R:4S-2 values in same run are >4SD from each other, detects random error
4: 1S-4 consecutive values >1SD on same side of mean, defects systematic bias
10: mean-10 consecutive values on same side of mean, defects systematic bias
Friedewald equation
LDL=TC-HDL-TG/5 *not valid if TG>400
Corrected platelet count increment (CCI)
CCI= (post platelet count-pre count)xBSA/number of platelets transfused
Greater than 10,000 considered adequate response
What vitamin deficiency can cause pseudotumor cerebri?
Vitamin A
What lab test is best to evaluate liver functional status?
PT
What percentage of plasma volume is water?
93%
Category A bioterrorism agents
Variola (smallpox)
Hemorrhagic fever viruses
Bacillus anthracis
Yersinia pestis
Francisella tularensis
HCV genotype in US
Most common is genotype 1 (70%) of patients
Subdivided into 1a (60%) and 1b (10%)
1a more likely to develop resistance to treatment
Viruses which cause hepatitis
Hepatitis viruses EBV CMV HSV VZV Yellow fever
gram negative bacteria with bipolar staining (safety pin). What bug and exposure?
Yersinia pestis prairie dogs
Causes of viral gastroenteritis
Rotavirus (most common) Calciviruses (Norwalk-like) Enteroviruses serotypes 40&41 Adenoviruses Astrovirus
Define positive HIV-1 western blot
2 or more of the following bands: p24, gp41, gp120/160 If one or more bands present but criteria not met, test is indeterminate. Repeat within 6 mos or do NAT
Causes of granulomatous amebic encephalitis
Acanthamoeba Balamuthia mandrillaris
DDX For intracellular organisms
- Leishmania-histiocytes, GMS neg 2. Histoplasmosis capsulatum-histiocytes GMS pos 3. Toxoplasma gondii- multiple cell types, some in cysts, GMS neg 4. Trypanosoma cruzi- multiple cell types (classically heart muscle), GMS neg
Types of malaria with q48hr fever (tertian)
P ovale P vivax P falciparum
Type of malaria with q72hr fever (quadrant)
P malariae
HbS protective against which malaria spp
Plasmodium falciparum
Duffy neg blood protective against which malaria spp
Plasmodium vivax
What mold produces aflatoxin
Aspergillosis flavus Aflatoxin is carcinogen producing HCC
What species of aspergillosis is resistant to amphotericin B
A terreus
Gorlin syndrome
“Nevoid basal call carcinoma syndrome” AD, PTC gene in chr9q Body overgrowth, jaw keratocysts, skeletal abnormalities and predisposition to neoplasms
Gaucher cell
inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase
Child p/w hepatosplenomegaly and hepatic dysfunction
Niemann-pick disease
foam cell
autosomal recessive d/o of lipid metabolism
What color top tube for ESR?
Lavendar
McLeod phenotype
- X-linked recessive disorder, lacking part of X chromosome encoding for Kell antigen on RBC
- acanthocytes on peripheral smear
- often have co-existing chronic granulomatous disease (since CGD gene is adjacent on X chr.)
HHV8 associated diseases
- primary effusion lymphoma
- kaposi sarcoma
- multicentric castleman disease
Hardy-Weinberg equation
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
Testing that CLIA does not apply to
-Forensic
–Research tests
–Noninvasive tests (e.g. breath tests)
–Collection kits
–Workplace drug testing
What are 2 labs that pathologist cannot direct?
- HLA/Immunogenetics
- Cytogenetics
Formula for PPV
PPV % = TP/(TP+FP)
*PPV depends on disease prevalence; PPV increases as prevalence increases
Formula for NPV
NPV % = TN/(TN+FN)
Disease with Homogenous ANA, mitoses+
indicates ssDNA and histone abs
SLE, sjogren, mixed connective tissue disease
Disease with peripheral ANA, mitoses +
anti-dsDNA
-PBC, chronic liver disease, drug induced SLE
Diseases associated with speckled ANA, mitoses -
anti-Sm, RNP, SS-A, SS-B,
CREST, SLE, mixed CT, sjogren, RA, scleroderm
diseases with nucleolar ANA, mitoses -
anti-RNA pol I and RNP
scleroderma
Diseases with centromere ANA, mitoses + in centromere pattern
antibodies to centromere proteins (CENP-A, CENP-B.._
CREST
