Micro

Question 1

what mycobacteria are considered rapid growers?

Answer 1

M. fortuitum
M. chelonae
M. abcessus

Question 2

What is a photochromogen?

Answer 2

Turns yellow on plate when grown in light

Question 3

What mycobacteria are photochromogens?

Answer 3

M. kansasii
M. marinum
M. asiaticum

Question 4

What is a scotochromogen?

Answer 4

Turns yellow on plate with growth in light or dark

Question 5

What mycobacteria are scotochromogens?

Answer 5

M. gordonae
M. scrofulaceum
M. xenopi

Question 6

which mycobacteria are considered non-chromogens?

Answer 6

MAC
M. ulcerans
M. haemophilum
MTB**although classification does not technically apply

Question 7

What serogroups of vibrio cholera cause disease?

Answer 7

O1 and O139

Question 8

What type of E. coli produces shiga-like toxin?

Answer 8

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

*most common strain O157:H7

Question 9

What bacteria is most common cause of Guillan-Barre?

Answer 9

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 10

3 major caauses of pneumonia in COPD patients?

Answer 10

H. flu, moraxella catarrhalis, legionella pneumophilia

Question 11

What are HACEK organisms

Answer 11

Causes of culture negative endocarditis

Haemophilus, Aggregetibacter, cardiobacterium, eikenella, Kingella

Question 12

ideal protocol for blood cultures

Answer 12

3 sets, drawn at separate times (1-8 hrs apart), each paried with adequate volume (20-30cc)

Question 13

Causes of bacterial meningitis in neonates

Answer 13

GBS, gram - bacilli, listeria

Question 14

Causes of bacterial meningitis in kids

Answer 14

N. meningitidis, S. pneumo, H. flu type B

Question 15

Causes of bacterial meningitis in adults

Answer 15

S. pneumo, N. meningitidis

Question 16

Causes of meningitis in AIDS pts

Answer 16

S. pneumo, MTB, cryptococcus neoformans

Question 17

Cause of rate bite fever (fever, rash, b/l ankle + shoulder pain)

Answer 17

streptobacillus moniliformis

Question 18

what are the hemadsorption/hemagglutinin tests? What viruses can they detect?

Answer 18

hemagglutinins adsorb guinea pig RBCs

influenza and parainfluenza viruses

Question 19

Name the 1 ssDNA non-enveloped viruses

Answer 19

Parvovirus

Question 20

2 dsDNA non-enveloped viruses

Answer 20

adenovirus
papillomavirus
polyomavirus

Question 21

3 dsDNA enveloped viruses

Answer 21

herpes virus
hepadnavirus (HBV)
poxvirus

Question 22

ssRNA non-enveloped viruses

Answer 22

Picornaviridae (polio virus, enterovirus, HAV, rhinovirus)
calciviridae (norovirus)
Hepeviridae (HEV)

Question 23

dsRNA non-enveloped virus

Answer 23

reoviridae (rotavirus)

Question 24

ssRNA enveloped virus

Answer 24

• Flaviviridae (HCV, yellow fever, WNV, dengue)
• Togaviridae (rubella, EEE, WEE)
• Retroviridae (HIV, HTLV)
• Orthomyxoviridae (influenza)
• Paramyxoviridae (RSV, parainfluenza, mumps, measles)
• Rhabdoviridae (Rabies)
• Coronavridiae
• Arenaviridae
• Bunyaviridae (hantavirus, california encephalitis)
• Delta virus (HDV)

Question 25

HBV is what type of virus?

Answer 25

enveloped dsDNA

Question 26

HCV is what type of virus?

Answer 26

enveloped ssRNA

Question 27

What subtypes of adenovirus are associated with hemorrhagic cystitis?

Answer 27

11 and 12

Question 28

What subtypes of adenovirus are associated with childhood gastroenteritis?

Answer 28

40 and 41

Question 29

What is antigenic drift and which virus shows this?

Answer 29

Antigenic drift=minor changes, due to point mutations in H&N genes influenza A

Question 30

What is antigenic shift and which virus shows this?

Answer 30

Antigenic shift=major changes, due to genetic reassortment between strains (causes worldwide pandemics) Influenza A

Question 31

What is name of measles virus?

Answer 31

morbillivirus

Question 32

most common cause of viral meningitis

Answer 32

enterovirus

Question 33

viral cause of myocarditis

Answer 33

coxsackie B

Question 34

cause of hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 34

coxsackie A

Question 35

What is vector for dengue and yellow fever

Answer 35

Aedes mosquito

Question 36

What is vector for WNV

Answer 36

culex mosquito

Question 37

What is mechanism of MRSA?

Answer 37

mecA gene; encodes PBP2A; detected by latex agglutination tests

Question 38

Which two types of malaria can remain dormant in liver?

Answer 38

P. vivax and P. ovale.

Question 39

What parasites are cultured on a bed of e. coli?

Answer 39

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria

Question 40

What does sandfly transmit?

Answer 40

Leismania | sandfly aka phlebotomus and lutzomyia

Question 41

What stain detects microsporidia in stool sample?

Answer 41

modified trichrome

Question 42

which type of malaria causes nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 42

P. malariae

Question 43

which type of malaria shows CNS involvment?

Answer 43

P. falciparum

Question 44

which type of malaria shows hemosidinuria, hemoglobinuria, and renal failure?

Answer 44

P. falciparum ("blackwater fever")

Question 45

which type of malaria infect young red cells?

Answer 45

P. vivax and P. ovale

Question 46

which type of malaria infect old red cells?

Answer 46

P. malariae

Question 47

which types of malaria show schuffner dots (stippling)?

Answer 47

P. vivax and P. ovale

Question 48

What nematode can cause iron deficiency anemia

Answer 48

hookworms-ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus

Question 49

What causes visceral larva migrans

Answer 49

toxocara canis (dog tapeworm) and cati (cat roundworm)

Question 50

Which trematode (fluke) is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma?

Answer 50

Clonorchis sinesis/opisthorchis

Question 51

What cestode (tapeworm) is associated with vit B12 def?

Answer 51

Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm)

Question 52

Which type of fungus requires fungal medium overlaid with olive oil?

Answer 52

Malassezia furfur | *requires lipid supplementation for growth

Question 53

Bird seed (niger seed) agar is used to identify which fungus

Answer 53

cryptococcus neoformans (demosntrates phenol oxidase activity)

Question 54

Which species of aspergillus is resistant to amphotericin B

Answer 54

A. terreus

Question 55

Positive germ tube test ID's which yeast?

Answer 55

Candida albicans

Question 56

Rapid trelahose assimilation ID's which yeast?

Answer 56

C. glabrata

Question 57

Urease test ID's which yeast?

Answer 57

cryptococcus

Question 58

Phenol oxidase test ID's which yeast

Answer 58

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 59

Which candida species shows "feet" around colonies

Answer 59

C. albicans

Question 60

What 2 bacteria are PYR pos?

Answer 60

Group A strep (strep pyogenes) and enterococcus

Question 61

What is buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) used to grow?

Answer 61

legionella

Question 62

What is thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose (TCBS) agar used to grow

Answer 62

Vibrio spp.

Question 63

which vibrio spp is sucrose fermenting?

Answer 63

Vibrio cholera

Question 64

At what temperature does yersinia enterocolitica grow best?

Answer 64

25-30 deg

Question 65

At what temp does campylobacter grow best

Answer 65

42

Question 66

Which staph spp is novobiocin resistant/

Answer 66

S. saprophyticus

Question 67

Which strep spp is susceptible to optochin (P disk)?

Answer 67

S. pneumo

Question 68

Name 2 bacteria which produce CAMP factor

Answer 68

Group B strep (strep agalacticae) and Listeria monocytogenes

Question 69

Name 2 bacteria which produce positive PYR test

Answer 69

Group A strep (strep pyogenes) and enterococcus

Question 70

Which gram neg bacteria are oxidase pos

Answer 70

Neisseria, moraxella, pseudomonas, legionella, curved gram neg rods (campylobacter, vibrio, helicobacter)

Question 71

Which gram neg bacteria are oxidase neg

Answer 71

enterobacteriaceae

Question 72

which bacteria is positive for indole

Answer 72

E. coli

Question 73

Which 2 bacteria are rapid urease pos?

Answer 73

H. pylori and proteus

Question 74

Which bacteria are positive for hippurate hydrolysis

Answer 74

``` C. jejuni Listeria monocytogenes Strep. agalacticae Gardnerella vaginalis Legionella pneumophila ```

Question 75

which staph spp is positive by slide coagulase test but negative by tube coagulase

Answer 75

S. lugdunensis

Question 76

How can you tell apart group A vs group B strep

Answer 76

Both are beta hemolytic and catalase neg - Group A strep: PYR+ and bacitracin (A disk) susceptible - Group B strep: PYR-, Bacitracin (A Disk) resistant

Question 77

What type of hemolysis does S. pneumo show

Answer 77

alpha

Question 78

What type of hemolysis does enterococcus show

Answer 78

none! gamma-hemolytic

Question 79

How can you differentiate Bacillus anthracis from bacillus cereus

Answer 79

B. anthracis: non-hemolytic and non-motile | B. cereus: beta hemolytic and motile

Question 80

Which rapidly growing mycobacteria is NaCL tolerant

Answer 80

M. abcessus

Question 81

Which rapidly growing mycobacteria uses citrate

Answer 81

M. chelonae

Question 82

Which rapidly growing mycobacteria uptakes iron, is NaCL tolerant and uses nitrate

Answer 82

M. fortuitum

Question 83

What causes roseola

Answer 83

HHV-6 | aka sixth disease