MISC. Flashcards
key
The interval relationships within a piece of music which establishes one pitch as tonic.
open position
When the harmonic interval between the soprano and tenor voices is a compound interval.
sonata - allegro
exposition - development - recapitulation
motive
A short, meaningful melodic fragment which contains the musical idea of the whole composition.
parallel P4’s
only acceptable in upper 3 voices
low interval limits
minor 6th - G
tritone - B
3rd - c
2nd - e
secondary tones / modal notes
Leading tone / sub tonic, mediant, submediant
disjunct motion greater than a fifth may be followed by:
- conjunct motion in the opposite motion
- disjunct motion in the opposite direction
- conjunct motion in the same direction
- disjunct motion in the same direction
melodic progression
establishes tonality horizontally
indirect motion
Indirect motion occurs when 2 parts move in dissimilar directions.
key signature
Group of chromatic signs placed after the clef which indicate the key.
simple intervals must occur between … ?
soprano and alto voices
or
alto and tenor voices
form
The structure of a piece of music.
overlapping voices
Occur in the movement of any 2 voices when:
- a lower voice moves to a higher pitch than the previous pitch of the upper voice.
- an upper voice moves to a pitch lower than the previous pitch of a lower voice.
not normally permitted.
symphonic poem
(tone poem, tondichtung)
A romantic variant of the symphony.
mixolydian mode
(formula)
2 2 1 2 2 1 2
G-G
contrary motion
Contrary motion is indirect motion that occurs when 2 parts move in opposite directions.
primary triads
tonic
subdominant
dominant
scale
A graduated series of musical tones ascending or decending in order of pitch according to a specified interval scheme, starting from a root to its octave.
crossed voices
Occur between any 2 adjacent voices where the lower voice has a pitch higher than the upper voice.
Not normally permitted.
objectionable motion
- octaves
- unisons
- P5
- parallel dissonant intervals
whole tone
(chord scales)
Aug chords
Interval
relationship between two pitches
time signature
- indicates the meter of the piece → upper number
- indicates the metrical stress → bottom number
direct motion
Direct motion occurs when 2 parts move in the same direction.
beat
- regularly recurring pulsation in music.
- unit of musical time.
tonic
The 1st scale degree of a scale.
The primary pitch to which the other pitches relate.
diminished scale
An 8 note, symmetrical scale constructed by alternating whole steps and half steps.
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
pentatonic major scale
Scales consisting of 5 notes.
Tonic, supertonic, mediant, dominant, submediant
secondary triads
supertonic
mediant
submediant
leading tone / subtonic
2 part song form
A - B
variation forms
AD, A¹, A², etc.
Where A B complex
harmonic progression
establishes tonality vertically
similar motion
Similar motion is direct motion that occurs when 2 parts move in the same direction producing differnt harmonic intervals.
primary tones / tonal notes
Tonic, subdominant, dominant
3 part song form
A - B - A
close position
When the harmonic interval between the soprano and tenor voices is a simple interval
phrase
A unit of musical structure, roughly 4 measures, ending in a cadence.
2 basic elements of music
pitch and rhythm
period
2 phrases together,
(first)
antecedent
and
(second)
consequent
parallel motion
Parallel motion is direct motion that occurs when 2 parts move in the same direction producing the same harmonic interval, without regard for quality (M3→m3)
whole tone scale
A scale arranged entirely of whole steps.
7 notes instead of 8 (? couldn’t read your writing)
chromatic scale
All 12 notes.
A scale consisting entirely of half steps
tempo
Rate of progression (speed) of beats or beat combinations
conjunct motion
One pitch of a melody moves stepwise to another.
Oblique motion
Oblique motion is indirect motion that occurs when 1 part moves and another sustains or repeats.
disjunct motion
one pitch of a melody
leaps to another
dissolution
The harmonic progression is characteristic of a cadence, but the rhythm is not interrupted; the cadential measure is broken up into the notes of small value.
hidden or covered unisons
should not be used.
hidden or covered fifths and octaves
May be used any time except between soprano and bass voices at a chord change.
counterpoint
the art of composing music by combining melodies
elision
the last chord of one phrase is used as the first phrase of the next.
parallels by contrary motion
parallel P8 and P5 by contrary motion must not occur.
qualities of a motive
- the notes themselves
- the intervals.
- the melodic curve
- the rhythm
- transposition
rondo
small rondo A - B - A
old rondo A - B - A - C - A - D - A
new rondo A - B - A - C - A - B - A
