BM Appendix D Flashcards
basso ostinato
Variation from in which a bass line of 1, 2, or 4 bars is repeated over and over with changing melodies and harmonies above.
“obstinate bass”
impromtu
In free style as it improvised.
passion
A piece of sacred music, resembling an oratorio, based on the last events of Christ’s life.
prelude
- A piece played as an introduction.
- Any short piece in rather free style is likely to be called a prelude by its composer.
etude
A piece written for the practice of some particular technical difficulty.
suite
- A set of dances, basically consisting of:
- Allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue.
- possibly containing gavotte, minuet, passepied, air
- A set of pieces for open air performance.
- A set of pieces made up of theatrical music.
gavotte
A dance consisting of 2 lively strains in 4/4, upbeat of 2 quarter notes.
recapitulation
- In fugues, the section which prepares for the close to the work.
- In sonata forms, the section which follows the development and brings the movement to a close.
passage
When a motive is used sequentially in or a florid manner, or dissolves into a scale or arpeggio figure for the sake of brilliance.
stretto
A type of imitation, frequently in fugues, in which the follower begins the imitation while the first statment is in progress.
passepied
A rapid dance, 3 beats to the measure, with an upbeat of 1 beat.
waltz
A dance in triple meter, derived from the German dance the Ländler.
descant
- Term used after 12th century to denote any kind of polyphony.
- Modern usage a counter-melody, usually florid, super imposed above the principal melody of a chorale.
galop
lively dance in 2/4
perfect plagal cadence
IV - I
duration
The final chord of a cadance, or at least the melody note, is comparatively long.
fugato
A passage in fugal style in a non-fugal composition.
concerto grosso
Late 17th century.
Small group of solo insturments set against a larger body of accompanying instruments.
exposition
- In fugue: first section of the work subject is stated by each voice in turn.
- The first large section of a sonata-allegro.
fantasia
(fantastic/fancy)
A name given to various kinds of composition which agree in being free in style, not restricted to any definite form.
polonaise
A stately Polish dance in 3/4 meter, with each of the beats divided into 2♫, but with the last half of the first beat divided into 2 ♬.
fughetta
A short fugue.
allemande
Dance in 4/4 mod. fast, usually with ♪ upbeat.
“German dance”.
cantata
A piece of music for singing sacred or secular works for soloist, chorus, and orchestra.
aria
Solo song occuring in an opera, oratorio, or cantata.
Develops a dramatic, lyric, or emotional high point.
variation forms
Variation forms are pieces of music contructed by presenting the same musical idea in several successive treatments, preserving the outlines of the original idea.
anthem
Sacred choral music used in Protestant churches, sung by choir not congregation. Accompanied by organ.
overture
- The ochestral introduction to an opera, oratorio, or cantata.
- A piece of keyboard or orchestral music patterned after the overture in the first sense, but intended for independant perf.
Italian overture
fast, slow, fast
opera
One of the most important of musical forms. Combines poet, actor, stage-crafter, costumer, and composer.
Written for soloists, orchestra, and chorus.
chorale
German hymn
Developed by Martin Luther
Mambo
Strong accent on 2 and 4 in 2 bar pattern.
polka
A lively Behemian or Polish dance in 2/4 meter, with the first 3 ♪’s accented, and the 4th unaccented.
cadence
An interruption of the movement of music, usually at the end of a phase.
- duration
- melodic movement
- metrical position
- chord progression
sonatina
A small sonata, with less elaborate treatment of thematic material.
concerto
A large work for soloist with orchestra, in the form of a sonata or symphony.
3 movements - fast slow fast
perfect authentic cadence
V - I or V7- I
Both chords in root position root of I in highest voice.
imperfect authentic cadence
V - I or V7-1
One of the chords is inverted soprano note of last chord is not the root.
sonata - allegro
A large form used as the first movement of sonatas, symphonics, quartets, etc.
lied
German art-song
Union of music and words.
polyphonic forms
- vocal
- canon
- motet
- madrigal
- mass
- instrumental
- chorale prelude
- fugue
- suite
divertmento
A type of suite typical of late 18th century.
Written for various small insturmental combinations and inteded for outdoor performance.
choral prelude
Elaboration of a choral melody for the organ.
gigue
Classic dance in 6/8 or 12/8 in rapid tempo.
arioso
Style of solo song in opera or oratorio resembling both the recitative and the aria.
Bagatelle
Short piano pieces, usually in song form.
“trifle”
mass
consists of the proper, intoned by the priest, and varying in content from day to day throughout the church calendar, and the ordingary, or invariable portion, which may be sung by the choir.
sarabande
A classic dance of Spanish origin in slow 3/4 or 3/2, with the second beat accented or lengthened.
cassation
Serenades or suites for various instrumentations, probably intended for outdoor performance.
courante
A classic dance in rapid tempo, usually 3/4 or 6/4, with an upbeat of
1 ♩ or 3 ♪
running dance
rondo
A large form made by the contrast of a main theme with one or more contrasting subordinate themes.
episode
Fugal → an interlude between statements of the subject.
minuet
Popular European dance from about 1650 to beginning of the 19th century.
3/4 in moderate tempo.
trio
- A sonata for 3 instruments.
- The 2nd large division of a minuet, scherzo, or march after which the first part is repeated.
rhumba
Cuba - fundamental rhythm pattern in piano, bass, and bass drum.
