Harmony 9, 11 Flashcards
group 3 chords (third classification)
The submediant chord and may have a tonic function
submediant triad
Occurs primarily in root position. In major, or 3rd may be doubled. In minor, the root is usually doubled.
group 2 chords (second classification)
The subdominant and super tonic chords and have a subdominant function.
mediant triad
In major, it may occur in root position with doubled root or occasional doubled 3rd. In minor, the major quality may appear in root position or first inversion with doubled root.
established tonic chord
Occurs whenever a dominant function chord progresses to the tonic.
deceptive cadence
A V to vi or V# to VI progression at a cadence point. May occur at any cadence but final.
subtonic triad
Only occurs in minor and has an unusual character.
group 4 chords (fourth classification)
The mediant chord, it may have a tonic or dominant function.
group 1 chords (first classification)
The major dominant and diminished leading tone chords and have a dominant function.
dominant relationship
The association of 2 chords whose roots are a P5 apart. It prevails when the chord groups are assembled from group 4 - group 1 and then the tonic.
normal chord progression
Occurs after an established tonic chord. when chords progress from left to right through each successive group.
retrogression
Occurs when chords move from right to left on the chord chart.
secondary triads
Reinforce modality. Used in harmonic progressions to create variety.
leading ton triad
Often called a dominant 7th with root omitted. 3rd is normally doubled. Used exclusively in first inversion.
intermediate cadence
Occurs with a vii°6 to I (i) progression at a cadence point.
neutral tonic chord
Occurs when a tonic chord appears between any two chords in a progression or between two positions of the same chord.
supertonic triad
Occurs primarily in first inversion with doubled 3rd.
extended chords
chords containg 5 or more pitches
major 9th
Appear in major keys on the dominant 7th or supertonic 7th.
Normally the 5th is omitted.
figured bass for major ninth
Root - 9
1st inversion - 7/6/5 (Dominant 7)
2nd inversion - 6/5 (4) omitted
3rd inversion - 4/3/2
4th inversion - 7/6/2 (rare)
minor ninth
Appears in minor keys on the dominant 7th chord.
Must resolve down by step.
Should never be reduced to a minor second.
Inversions are rare (4th inversion is forbidden)
eleventh
Appears primarily over the dominant 7th chord.
SUS 4 chords.
7th and 9th usually occur, omitting 3rd and 5th.
Exclusively in root position.
thirteenth
Appears on the dominant 7th chord only.
Exclusively in root position, 5th, 9th, 11th, omitted.
resolution of a dominant 11th chord
- Directly to the tonic chord. 11th repeats, becomes root of the tonic, 9th and 7th resolve normally.
- 11th resolves down by step to the leading tone, forming a dominant 9th.
- 11th and 9th resolve simultaneously, forming a dominant 7th.
modulation
The process of moving from one tonality to another.
