Basic Music

Question 1

nature of sound

Answer 1

vibration → transmission → reception → processing → interpretation

| | | |

sound source medium ear nervous system brain

(medium is usually air)

Question 2

frequency

Answer 2

The number of sound waves per second producted by a sounding body.

CPS - cycles per second - Hz

Question 3

pitch

Answer 3

When the frequency if vibration is regular.

Highness or lowness of the sound.

Question 4

approximate range of human hearing

Answer 4

20 Hz - 16 kHz

Question 5

timbre

Answer 5

The distinctive tone quality of a singing voice or a musical instrument.

Quality of the sound.

Question 6

duration

Answer 6

Length of time of vibration.

Length of the sound.

Question 7

intensity

Answer 7

The magnatude of force or energy of regular or irregular vibration.

Volume of the sound.

Amplitude of vibration.

Question 8

great staff

Answer 8

Theoretical construction consisting of 11 lines and ten spaces with middle C as the 6th line.

Question 9

measure (bar)

Answer 9

The space between any two adjacent bar lines.

Question 10

related meters

Answer 10

Same metrical stress, but different unit of the beat.

Question 11

beat

Answer 11

regularly recurring pulsations in music.

Question 12

equivalent meters

Answer 12

2 different meters. 1 simple and 1 compoud that have the same beats per measure and same division of beat.

Question 13

tempo

Answer 13

The rate of progression of beats and beat combinations.

Question 14

metrical stress

Answer 14

Describes the beat grouping

• duple
• triple
• quadruple

Also describes the division of the beat

• simple - divisible by 2
• compound - divisible by 3

Question 15

time signature (meter)

Answer 15

Musical symbol which indicates the metrical stress and unit of beat.

Upper numeral indicates metrical stress.

Lower numeral indicates unit or division of beat.

Question 16

compound time

Answer 16

When any note divisible by “3” is used as the unit of the beat.

6 9 12

2 2 2

6 9 12

4 4 4

6 9 12

8 8 8

16/32/64 etc.

Question 17

meter

Answer 17

Recurring pattern of accented and unaccented pulsations.

Question 18

metrical stress

Answer 18

• beat groupings (number of beats in measure)
• duple - groups of 2
• triple - groups of 3
• quadruple - groups of 4

Question 19

simple time

Answer 19

When any note devisible by “2” is used as the unit of the beat.

2 3 4

1 1 1

2 3 4

2 2 2

2 3 4

4 4 4

2 3 4

8 8 8

16/32/ etc.

Question 20

composite meter (complex)

Answer 20

When music is composed of beats of unequal beat lenths.

Question 21

active tones, major scale

Answer 21

supertonic 2

subdominant 4

submediant 6

leading tone 7

tendancy towards moving.

Question 22

key signature

Answer 22

Chromatic signs extracted from teh scale and placed after a clef to indicate the key.

Question 23

tonic

Answer 23

Primary pitch to which other pitches relate.

Question 24

order of sharp major keys

Answer 24

G D A E B F# C#

1# 2#’s 3#s 4#s 5#s 6#s 7#s

Question 25

stable tones, major scale

Answer 25

Tonic 1

Mediant 3

Dominant 5

Tendancy towrds being at rest.

Question 26

tendancy tones, major scale

Answer 26

subdominant 4

• pulls to mediant 3

leading tone 7

• pulls to tonic 1

Active tones that exhibit a strong pull to a specific pitch.

Question 27

names of scale degrees

Answer 27

1 2 3 4 5

tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant,

6 7

submediant, leading tone

Question 28

order of flats

Answer 28

B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ C♭ F ♭

Question 29

key

Answer 29

The term which refers to interval relationships within a peice of music which establish one pitch as the tonic.

Question 30

enharmonic keys

(major)

Answer 30

Keys that are written differently (have different names) but sound the same are enharmonic keys.

• B major and C♭ major
• F♯ major and G♭ major
• C♯ and D♭ major

Question 31

active tones

(natural minor)

Answer 31

Supertonic 2

Subdominant 4

Submediant ♭6

Subtonic ♭7

Question 32

active tones

(harmonic minor)

Answer 32

supertonic 2

subdominant 4

submediant ♭6

leading tone 7

Question 33

natural minor scale degrees

Answer 33

1 2 3 4 5

Tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant,

6 7

submediant subtonic

Question 34

parallel keys

Answer 34

Keys that have the same tonic

(C major, C minor)

Question 35

relative keys

Answer 35

Keys that have the same key signature

(1 major, 1 minor)

Question 36

stable tones

(melodic minor)

Answer 36

Tonic 1

Mediant ♭3

Dominant 5

Question 37

order of flat natural minor keys

Answer 37

d g c f b♭ e♭ a♭

1♭ 2♭s 3♭s 4♭s 5♭s 6♭s 7♭s

Question 38

active tones

(melodic minor)

Answer 38

supertonic 2

subdominant 4

raised submediant 6 (passes to leading tone)

subtonic ♭7 (passes ↓ to lowered submediant)

Question 39

tendancy tones

(melodic minor)

Answer 39

lowered submediant ♭6 pulls to dominant

leading tone 7 pulls to tonic

Question 40

tendancy tones

(harmonic minor)

Answer 40

submediant (♭6) pulls to dominant

leading tone (7) pulls to tonic

Question 41

tendancy tones

(natural minor)

Answer 41

submediant ♭6 pulls to dominant 5

Question 42

order of sharp natural minor keys

Answer 42

e b f♯ c♯ g♯ d♯ a♯

1♯ 2♯s 3♯s 4♯s 5♯s 6♯s 7♯s

Question 43

enharmonic minor keys

Answer 43

G♯ minor + A♭ minor

D♯ minor + E♭ minor

A♯ minor + B♭ minor

Question 44

stable tones

(harmonic minor)

Answer 44

tonic 1

mediant ♭3

dominant 5

Question 45

stable tones

(natural minor)

Answer 45

tonic 1

mediant ♭3

dominant 5