Misc

Question 1

alloplastic

Answer 1

refers to changing or adapting to the environment by effecting changes in the environment

Question 2

autoplastic

Answer 2

(“self-change”) refers to changing or adapting to the environment by altering one’s own behaviors or responses

Question 3

emic

Answer 3

perspective involves focusing on the intrinsic distinctions that are meaningful to members of a particular culture or society

Question 4

etic

Answer 4

perspective involves focusing on extrinsic distinctions that have meaning for the observer of the culture or society

Question 5

bradykinesia

Answer 5

slowness of movement

Question 6

akinesia

Answer 6

absence of movement

Question 7

Hyperkinesia

Answer 7

abnormally increased motor function or activity; hyperactivity

Question 8

Hypophonia

Answer 8

weak voice due to incoordination of the vocal muscles

Question 9

praxis

Answer 9

motor planning; ability of the brain to conceive, organize, and carry out a sequence of unfamiliar actions

Question 10

dyspraxia

Answer 10

difficulty planning and completing intended fine motor tasks

Question 11

Morita therapy

Answer 11

doesn’t deal with the past, inner dynamics, or with emotions directly as a prerequisite to change. Emphasis is on learning to accept the internal fluctuations of thoughts and feelings and ground behavior in reality and the purpose of the moment. The focus is on the external environment, behavior, and distinguishing what is and is not controllable. All emotions are accepted as valid, pain is inevitable and there is no attempt to control or govern feelings. Concrete effort to take action, with or without success and despite the accompanying emotions, is encouraged. Progress is measured by degree of responsiveness to behavioral demands and in the effort for self improvement. Like cognitive behavioral therapy, Morita therapy deals with changing behaviors and dysfunctional cognitive processes through reframing the meaning of anxiety, focusing on attitudinal blocks to behavior and taking personal responsibility for behavior.

Question 12

Naikan Therapy

Answer 12

the psychology of reflection, is based on clients asking themselves three questions: what have I received from? What have I given to? What troubles or difficulties have I caused to? Through such self-reflection, a client’s awareness of the role they play in the relationship or situation, the amount of support they’ve received, and an appreciation for others is said to be increased. It is often combined with use of Morita Therapy

Question 13

Network Therapy

Answer 13

the client’s family, friends, and relatives (i.e. the client’s network) are brought together, through the therapist’s initiative, to implement the therapeutic process.

Question 14

Rational-emotive therapy

Answer 14

views irrational thoughts as the cause of clients problems and that the maintenance of problems is due primarily to self-indoctrination.

Question 15

Achromatopsia

Answer 15

a rare form of color blindness that is accompanied by hypersensitivity to light and poor visual acuity

Question 16

Nystagmus

Answer 16

involuntary jerky eye movement

Question 17

Optic ataxia

Answer 17

the inability to accurately reach for objects

Question 18

Optic apraxia

Answer 18

inability to voluntarily guide eye movements/ change to a new location of visual fixation

Question 19

Change blindness

Answer 19

a phenomenon in visual perception in which very large changes occurring in full view in a visual scene are not noticed

Question 20

Ravens

Answer 20

an intelligence test completely non-dependent on language. It’s a non-verbal assessment of abstract reasoning and a fairly good predictor of general cognitive functioning

Question 21

Bandura’s social learning theory

Answer 21

(or theory of observational learning), it is possible to learn a given behavior merely by watching a model perform it.

Question 22

Precontemplation stage

Answer 22

characterized by denial, resistance, and no plans to change.

Question 23

Contemplation stage

Answer 23

a person begins to recognize the benefits of change and, although somewhat ambivalent, plans to change within the next 6 months. This best describes the person in this question.

Question 24

Preparation stage

Answer 24

a person has decided to take action within the next 30 days and may have already begun to take small steps towards change.

Question 25

Action stage

Answer 25

the person is actively engaged in making changes or acquiring new behaviors.

Question 26

Maintenance stage

Answer 26

the person has maintained action for at least 6 months and is actively working to prevent a relapse

Question 27

Overgeneralization

Answer 27

abstracting a general rule from one or two situations and then broadly applying it to other situations

Question 28

selective abstraction

Answer 28

focus solely on a detail that is taken out of context

Question 29

apraxia

Answer 29

an inability to carry out motor activities, or paralysis

Question 30

Piaget

Answer 30

stressed that as children grow, they move from viewing rules as fixed dictates of authority to flexible instruments of human purposes that can be changed

Question 31

Bandura

Answer 31

the effectiveness of modeling is mediated by four processes: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Motivation may but does not necessarily involve external reinforcement; it is also possible that behaviors learned through modeling can be internally or self-reinforcing (e.g., pride and satisfaction in accomplishment can operate as motivators).
You might have learned that Bandura does not believe that reinforcement is necessary for a behavior to occur and, as a result, chosen D. However, D is incorrect because mere exposure to a model is not sufficient for learning; the person must attend to the model, retain the model’s behavior, have the capability to reproduce the behavior, and be motivated to engage in the behavior

Question 32

multitrait-multimethod matrix

Answer 32

used to assess convergent and divergent validity.

Question 33

Cluster sampling

Answer 33

sampling technique in which groups of participants are selected instead of individuals

Question 34

Minuchin’s structural family therapy

Answer 34

focuses on modifying aspects of the family structure (e.g., rules, boundaries, coalitions) that underlie family dysfunction. Homework is commonly assigned as a way of bringing about concrete change in the family’s behavior; enactments are role-plays that Minuchin often used to evaluate and modify the family structure; and family maps, or diagrams of the family’s boundaries, are constructed to help families and the therapist understand the family structure

Question 35

When untreated, diabetes mellitus results in

Answer 35

increased appetite with weight loss, apathy, confusion, mental dullness, polyuria, polydipsia, and increased susceptibility to infection.

Question 36

Cushing’s disease, hypersecretion of cortisol.

Answer 36

emotional lability, memory loss, depression, obesity

Question 37

hyperthyroidism, or Grave’s disease

Answer 37

accelerated heart rate, agitation, nervousness, fatigue, insomnia, speeded up metabolism, elevated body temperature, heat intolerance, and increased appetite with weight loss

Question 38

hypothyroidism

Answer 38

slowed heart rate, depression, lethargy, impaired concentration and memory, slowed metabolism, reduced appetite with weight gain, lowered body

Question 39

Kohlberg

Answer 39

distinguishes between three levels of moral development (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional), and each of these levels is further divided into two stages. The individual described in this question is in the first stage of the preconventional level. At the preconventional level, morality is based on the consequences of an act. Good behaviors are rewarded and bad behaviors are punished. The next level is conventional, in which morality is guided by the desire to maintain existing social laws, rules, and norms. At the post-conventional (d.) or principled morality (a.) level, individuals view morality in terms of self-chosen principles, where one functions according to one’s own conscience, no matter what the conventional wisdom is.

Question 40

Heteronomous morality

Answer 40

is a term use by Piaget to describe preschool children who believe that rules are absolute and unchangeable.