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NUT1010 > Minerals in water > Flashcards

Minerals in water Flashcards

1
Q

Total body water (TBW)

A

the total amount of water in your body `50-60% of body mass

  • intercellular fluids (fluid inside our cells)
  • Extracellular fluids- Intravascular fluid (water inside our vascular system- blood(arteries, veins, capillaries)); Interstitial fluid (space between the cells and vascular system)
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2
Q

Fluid compartments

A

controls the movement
Cell membrane
Capillary walls

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.

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4
Q

Homeostasis examples

A
  • temperature
  • blood glucose
  • PH
  • fluid and electrolyte concentration
  • plasma volume and blood pressure
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5
Q

Hormesis

A

concept where too much of something is bad, too little of something is bad, right amount is good.

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6
Q

Major minerals in water

A 
Electrolytes inside a cell (ICF)
- potassium (K+)
- Magnesium (Mg+)
- Phosphate (PO-)
- Sulfate (SO-)
Electrolytes outside a cell (ECF)
- Sodium (Na+)
- Chloride (Cl-)
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7
Q

Electrolytes

A

a substance that conduct electric current as a result of dissociation into positively and negatively charged particles.

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8
Q

Osmosis

A

process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.

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9
Q

Osmolarity

A

the concentration of a solution expresses as the total number of solute particles per kilogram.

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10
Q

Osmotic shift

A

water shifts between the body’s compartments to maintain a balance/ homeostasis.
Example: when we drink a bottle of water water enters into GIT the blood (extracellular fluids- osmolarity decreases) - water moves across to cells to maintain balance.
OR have something salty- increases osmolarity- osmatic shift in opposite direction

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11
Q

Functions of water

A
  • maintains blood volume and pressure (carries nutrients, maintains PH)
  • regulate body temp (Blood flow- cold- sends blood to internal organisms; hot- sweat)
  • Acts as lubricant and cushion for protection
  • maintains the structure of large molecules
  • participates in metabolic reactions
  • provides environment for metabolic reactions (allows them to move aroun)
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12
Q

Hard water

A

Tap water
High mineral content, safe to drink, not suitable for domestic purposes (dishwashing- minerals build up and damage pipes)

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13
Q

Soft water

A

Free of dissolved calcium or magnesium, may contain high sodium.

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14
Q

Fluid balance

A

difference between water intake (fluids, foods, water produced in metabolic reactions) and water output (urine, sweat, stool, insensible losses from skin and breathing)

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15
Q

Excess water intake

A

osmolarity decreases, water moves into cells and cells swell

can cause Hyponatraemia

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16
Q

Hyponatraemia

A

low blood sodium - drinking too much water

  • headaches
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
  • nausea
  • death if untreated
17
Q

What increases water losses?

A

sweat losses - fever and heavy excursive
Gastrointestinal losses- vomiting, diarrhoea
Blood losses - wound, blood donation
Kidney losses- medications, medical conditions, alcohol

18
Q

assessment of dehydration

A 
W = weight loss
U = Urine colour
T = thirst
19
Q

Sodium functions

A

Main cation in extracellular fluid - maintains fluid balance

Nervous system- assists in nerve impulses transmission and muscle contractions

20
Q

Sodium food sources

A

processed foods - salts added to foods

table salt

meat, cheese, breads, vegetables- salt added in cooking/ manufacturing

21
Q

Sodium Toxicity

A

Lead to high blood pressure

22
Q

Potassium functions

A

Main cation in intracellular build
- maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance

Nervous system

  • assists in nerve impulses and muscle contraptions
  • maintains heartbeat
23
Q

Potassium food sources

A

fruit and vegies - non processed foods

24
Q

Hypokalaemia

A

potassium deficiency

- muscular weakness, confusion, sudden death (heartbeat)

25
Q

Hyperkalaemia

A

Potassium toxicity

26
Q

Chloride functions

A

Main anion in extracellular fluid (dissociates from sodium)

Stomach acid - HCI

26
Q

Chloride functions

A

Main anion in extracellular fluid (dissociates from sodium)

Stomach acid - HCI

27
Q

Chloride food sources

A
  • generally same as sodium / salt (NaCl)
28
Q

Sulfate function

A

sulfate - oxidised form of Sulfur

  • part of protein structures
  • part of B vitamins: thiamine and Biotin
  • part of amino acids
29
Q

sulfate food sources

A

protein containing foods

NUT1010 (9 decks)

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