Minerals in water Flashcards
Total body water (TBW)
the total amount of water in your body `50-60% of body mass
- intercellular fluids (fluid inside our cells)
- Extracellular fluids- Intravascular fluid (water inside our vascular system- blood(arteries, veins, capillaries)); Interstitial fluid (space between the cells and vascular system)
Fluid compartments
controls the movement
Cell membrane
Capillary walls
Homeostasis
self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.
Homeostasis examples
- temperature
- blood glucose
- PH
- fluid and electrolyte concentration
- plasma volume and blood pressure
Hormesis
concept where too much of something is bad, too little of something is bad, right amount is good.
Major minerals in water
Electrolytes inside a cell (ICF) - potassium (K+) - Magnesium (Mg+) - Phosphate (PO-) - Sulfate (SO-) Electrolytes outside a cell (ECF) - Sodium (Na+) - Chloride (Cl-)
Electrolytes
a substance that conduct electric current as a result of dissociation into positively and negatively charged particles.
Osmosis
process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
Osmolarity
the concentration of a solution expresses as the total number of solute particles per kilogram.
Osmotic shift
water shifts between the body’s compartments to maintain a balance/ homeostasis.
Example: when we drink a bottle of water water enters into GIT the blood (extracellular fluids- osmolarity decreases) - water moves across to cells to maintain balance.
OR have something salty- increases osmolarity- osmatic shift in opposite direction
Functions of water
- maintains blood volume and pressure (carries nutrients, maintains PH)
- regulate body temp (Blood flow- cold- sends blood to internal organisms; hot- sweat)
- Acts as lubricant and cushion for protection
- maintains the structure of large molecules
- participates in metabolic reactions
- provides environment for metabolic reactions (allows them to move aroun)
Hard water
Tap water
High mineral content, safe to drink, not suitable for domestic purposes (dishwashing- minerals build up and damage pipes)
Soft water
Free of dissolved calcium or magnesium, may contain high sodium.
Fluid balance
difference between water intake (fluids, foods, water produced in metabolic reactions) and water output (urine, sweat, stool, insensible losses from skin and breathing)
Excess water intake
osmolarity decreases, water moves into cells and cells swell
can cause Hyponatraemia
Hyponatraemia
low blood sodium - drinking too much water
- headaches
- dizziness
- fatigue
- nausea
- death if untreated
What increases water losses?
sweat losses - fever and heavy excursive
Gastrointestinal losses- vomiting, diarrhoea
Blood losses - wound, blood donation
Kidney losses- medications, medical conditions, alcohol
assessment of dehydration
W = weight loss U = Urine colour T = thirst
Sodium functions
Main cation in extracellular fluid - maintains fluid balance
Nervous system- assists in nerve impulses transmission and muscle contractions
Sodium food sources
processed foods - salts added to foods
table salt
meat, cheese, breads, vegetables- salt added in cooking/ manufacturing
Sodium Toxicity
Lead to high blood pressure
Potassium functions
Main cation in intracellular build
- maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance
Nervous system
- assists in nerve impulses and muscle contraptions
- maintains heartbeat
Potassium food sources
fruit and vegies - non processed foods
Hypokalaemia
potassium deficiency
- muscular weakness, confusion, sudden death (heartbeat)
