Minerals in bones

Question 1

Calcium functions

Answer 1

mainly in bones (skeleton and teeth)

• gives our bones structure
• essential for growth
• nerve function
• blood clotting
• muscle contraction

Question 2

calcium and mineral absorption

Answer 2

high dietary calcium inhibits absorption of:
- iron
- zinc
- magnesium
- phosphorus
(compete for absorption)

Question 3

Factors that enhance Ca absorption

Answer 3

• stomach acid
• Vitamin D
• Lactose (infants only)
• growth hormones

Question 4

Factors that inhibit Ca absorption

Answer 4

• lack of stomach acid
• vitamin D deficiency
• high phosphorus died (compete)

Question 5

Calcium regulation

Answer 5

rises- thyroid secretes calcitonin, vitamin D decreases absorption in intestines, kidneys secrete calcium, bones stop breaking down to stop release of calcium

decreases- parathyroid glands secretes parathyroid hormone, vitamin D increases absorption in intestines, kidneys told to keep calcium, bones break down and release calcium

Question 6

Calcium rigor

Answer 6

too much calcium in the blood- muscles contract

Question 7

Calcium tetany

Answer 7

not enough calcium in the blood- muscle spasms

Question 8

Calcium imbalance causes

Answer 8

• the body controls calcium very well so not caused from calcium
• caused by lack of vitamin D or hormone abnormalities

Question 9

calcium deficiency

Answer 9

• bones break down to maintain blood calcium levels

- decrease bone density- lead’s to osteoporosis

Question 10

Risk factors of osteoporosis

Answer 10

• post menopausal (drop in bone density)
• old age
• women
• low calcium intake
• vitamin D deficiency

Question 11

Phosphorus (P) functions

Answer 11

• bone structure (form with calcium = hydroxyapatite crystals)
• component of DNA
• phospholipid bilayer

Question 12

Magnesium (Mg) functions

Answer 12

• influences formation of hydroxyapatite
• supports Vitamin D
• many metabolic reactions