MINERALS

Question 1

Function of calcium

Answer 1

vitamin D helps absorb

Works with phosphorus - make strong bones

Helps with blood clotting

Helps with nerve/muscle function h

Question 2

Sources of calcium

Answer 2

Dairy

Fortified in bread

Oily fish

Green leafy veg

Citrus fruits

Seeds/ nuts

Question 3

Effects of deficiency of calcium

Answer 3

Poor bone structure

Peak bone mass will not be reached - when bones reach hardest point in adolescence

Babies bones not form correctly

Blood will not clot correctly

Question 4

Effects of excess of calcium

Supplements

Answer 4

Stomach pain

Diarrhoea

Constipation

Question 5

Functions of phosphorous

Answer 5

Works with calcium for healthy bones/teeth

Helps with muscle function

Question 6

Sources of phosphorus

Answer 6

Animal sources

Nuts

Question 7

Effects of deficiency of phosphorous

Answer 7

Tiredness

depression

Question 8

Function of iron

Answer 8

Needed for haemoglobin (red coloured protein in red blood cells attached to oxygen and transports it around the body)

Vitamin C held absorb it

Prevents iron deficiency

Question 9

Sources of iron

Answer 9

Red meat/ kidneys/ liver

Egg yolk

Green leafy veg

Fortified bread/cereals

Question 10

Effects of deficiency of iron

Answer 10

Anaemia (lack of red blood cells -> lack of oxygen -> tiredness)

Pale complexion

Weak finger nails

Question 11

Effects of excess of iron

Answer 11

Stomach pains

Nausea

Vomiting

Constipation

Question 12

Function of sodium

Answer 12

Maintaining water balance

Nerve transmissions

Question 13

Sources of sodium

Answer 13

Cheese

Smoked meats

Processed foods

Salt

Question 14

Effects of deficiency of sodium

Answer 14

Exercising in hot conditions can cause muscle cramps

Question 15

Effects of excess of sodium

Answer 15

Raise blood pressure

Damage kidneys

Fluid retention -> heart works harder -> increase risk of heart failure

Question 16

Function of chloride

Answer 16

Balance water fluids

Question 17

Source of chloride

Answer 17

Salt

Seaweed

Tomatoes

lettuce

celery

Question 18

Effects of deficiency of chloride

Answer 18

Hypochloremia

Question 19

Effects of excess of chloride

Answer 19

Increase in blood pressure

Build up of fluid

Question 20

Function of iodine

Answer 20

Make thyroid hormones in thyroid glands - controls metabolic rate

Question 21

Sources of iodine

Answer 21

Seafood

Dairy

Plants grown in iodine rich soil

Question 22

Effects of deficiency of iodine

Answer 22

Tiredness

Weight gain

Thyroid gland swells ups -> goitre

Question 23

Function of zinc

Answer 23

Help with digestion

Aids protein building in body

Sperm production

Question 24

Sources of zinc

Needed in small amounts

Answer 24

Meat

Shellfish

Dairy

Bread/cereals

Question 25

Effects of deficiency of zinc

Answer 25

Slow growth in adolescents Hair loss Diarrhoea Low fertility in men

Question 26

Effects of excess of zinc | Supplements

Answer 26

Reduce amount of copper -> anaemia

Question 27

Function of water

Answer 27

Transports nutrients/ oxygen/ hormones/ enzymes Helps get rid of waste products Regulates body temperature - keep at 37 degrees Found in all body fluids (blood/ saliva)

Question 28

Sources of water

Answer 28

Tap/bottle/drinks Food

Question 29

How water soluble vitamins can be retained when cooking foods

Answer 29

Excessive peeling can reduce nutrients at skins surface Wash vegetables and use skin Use liquid in gravy Use alternative methods - grilling/ steaming Eat raw