ADDITIVES Flashcards
What is a natural additive
Natural obtained from natural sources
Purple from beetroot
What is a natural identical additive
Synthetic copies of naturally occurring substances
Cheaper than natural
Vanillin extracted from vanilla pods synthetically made from plant lignin
What is an artificial additive
Not naturally occurring
Synthetically made
Saccharin
What is an E- number
Additive are tested for safety before use in EU
Then given E- number
What is a colouring
Used to make food look attractive
Added to colour lost during processing - peas
Natural - roots/ seeds
Synthetic - tartrazine
What is a preservative
Helps keep food fresher for longer - preventing decay
Attack enzymes in bacteria to stop functioning
Minimise food waste
Naturally occurring in small amounts
Synthetic - nitrates (curing meat)/ salt/ vinegar
What is a sweetener
Used to make product healthier
Used as replacement
Widely suitable - diabetics
Weight loss products - gives flavour but low calorie and low cost
Fructose instead of glucose
Sorbitol/ saccharin
What is an emulsifier
Emulsifiers are molecules with on water loving (hydrophilic) and one oil loving (hydrophobic) tail
End attaches to part it likes to stop separating
Help water and oil to disperse in each other creating homogenous emulsion
Helps improve consistency of food
Lecithin - eggs - mayo
Mustard
Salad dressing
What is a flavouring
Improve flavour of food
Replace lost flavours in production
Used to give strong flavour
Herbs/ fruit/ root/ seed/ vanillin
What is a flavour enhancer
Used to bring out the flavour of an ingredient
Used in processed foods
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-> ready meals/ soups/ sauces
What is an antioxidant
Keeps food fresher for longer by stopping chemical reaction to stop rancidity (especially products with fat)
Prevents oxidation
Vitamin c (ascorbic acid)
What is fortification
Addition of nutrients lost during processing
Add desired nutrients to food - enhance nutritional value
Vitamin D - margarine
Calcium - Bread
Vitamin C - orange juice (destroyed with high temp)
