Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR 2 Exam 1 > Miller Heart Failure > Flashcards

Miller Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiinal clinical symptoms of HF?

A
  • dyspnea
  • fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardinal signs of HF?

A
  • Edema
  • Rales
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What constitutes HF with preserved ejection fraction? (HFpEF)

A
  • LVEF >50%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WHat is the reduced ejection fraction HF cut off?

A

LVEF <40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Cor Pulmonale?

A
  • altered RV structure and or function in context of chronic lung disease
  • R. sided HF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outcomes of CHF?

A
  • Progressive pump failure
  • symptoms of HF
  • Sudden death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pathophysiology of HFrEF?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the CV etiologies of HFrEF?

A
  • CAD
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Myocarditis
  • Valvular disease
  • Cardiac infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Extracardiac causes of HFrEF?

A
  • Endocrine disorder
  • Systemic diseases (AI)
  • High intake of EtOH and illicit drugs
  • Chemo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Risk for HFrEF?

A
  • Males
  • LV H
  • Bundle Branch Blocks
  • Previous MI
  • Smoiking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Risks for HFpEF?

A
  • Older age
  • Female
  • Hypertension
  • A. fib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Shared risk factors for HFpEF and HFrEF?

A
  • Age
  • DM2
  • Smoking
  • Htn
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Obesity
  • Metabolic syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical presentation of heart fasilure?

A
  • Congestion symptoms:
    • DOE
    • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
    • Orthopnea
    • Nocturnal cough
    • Weight fluctuations and or edema
  • Hypoperfusion symptoms:
    • Exercise intolerance
    • Fatigue
    • Decrease mentation and cold intolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What labs/imaging would be ordered to help diagnose HF?

A
  • EKG:
    • shows ischemia, rhythm and conduction abnormalities
  • CXR:
    • low sensitivity and specificity but detects cardiac enlargement
  • BNP is most helpful, if they have normal BNP rule out HF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What could cause an elevated BNP other than HF?

A
  • Advanced age
  • Renal insufficiency
  • Anemia
  • COPD
  • Pulm Htn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What imaging is recommended in someone with suspected HF or known HF with worsening symptoms?

A
  • Echocardiography
    • In HFrEF you will see reduced LVEF, atrial and ventricular chamber dilation or hypertrophy, valvular dysfunction, pericardial pathology and elevated ventricular filling pressures
17
Q

What do you order to help rule out intracardiac thrombus?

A

TEE

18
Q

What is ordered to rule out ischemia as a precipitating factor of HF?

A
  • Stress echo/cardiac CT
19
Q

What is the take home from the staging for ACC/AHA?

A
  • progressive increasing mortality
  • Stages are ABCD
    • A being high risk but without heart disease or sx
    • D being refractory HF needing special interventions
20
Q

Take home of NYHA staging?

A
  • Functional classification, it is a snapshot in time
    • class I physical activity not limited
    • Stage IV can’t carry on with physical activity w/o symptoms of HF
  • You can move back and forth with this classification
21
Q

What are the objectives in treatment of patients wit HF?

A
  • Improve sx
  • Improve quality/duration of life
  • Prevent hospital admission
22
Q

What treatment offers the best quality of life and longest survival?

A

Cardiac transplantation

23
Q

In HF what medication is used to relieve sx and signs of congestion?

A

Diuretics

24
Q

In the absence of HTN, evidence does NOT support treating HFpEF with any medication except _____.

A

In the absence of HTN, evidence does NOT support treating HFpEF with any medication except Diuretics.

25
Q

After diuretics are given in a patient with HFrEF and if the patient is still symptomatic, what do you give next?

A

Therapy with ACEi and Beta blocker

26
Q

After diuretics, ACEi and beta blockers are given in a patient with HFrEF, if the patient is still symptomatic what do you do?

A

Add MR antagonist

27
Q

What do you treat in a patient with HFpEF?

A
  • Treat comorbidities
  • Diurese if congested
  • Improve perfusion if hypoperfused
28
Q

Complications of HF?

A
  • substantial morbidity/mortality
  • anxiety sleep disturbance
  • dyspnea
  • fatigue
  • orthopnea
  • cough/chest pain/palpitation
  • edema neuropathy
    *
29
Q

Clinical presentation of Cor Pulmonale?

A
  • Symptoms:
    • LE swelling
    • Increased abdominal girth from ascites
  • Signs:
    • elevated JVP
    • Tricuspid murmur
    • S3
    • wheezing rales
    • Hepatomegaly, pulsatile liver, ascites, hepatojugular reflex (press liver and see JVP rise)
    • LE Edema cyanosis
30
Q

EKG cor pulmonale signs?

A

Right axis deviation and RV hypertrophy

31
Q

Cor pulmonale treatment?

A
  • Maintain ox delivery
  • Optimize volume status with diuretics fluid and Na restrictions
  • Manage arrhythmias
  • Activity restriction when sx
  • Provide hemodynamic support
32
Q

How do you prevent HF?

A
  • Treat conditions that lead to HF

CPR 2 Exam 1 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions