Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR 2 Exam 1 > Buchele Endocarditis > Flashcards

Buchele Endocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What causes acute infective endocarditis? Where does it develop?

A

S. aureus
Develops on normal heart valve endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes subacute infective endocarditis? Where does it develop?

A
  • S. viridans and Enterococcus
  • Develops on damaged heart endothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Marantic endocarditis, who is it seen in, and how is it found? (aka non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis)

A
  • Develop on sterile platelet vegetations on cardiac valves
  • Seen in patients with a metastatic malignancy
  • Found on autopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Libman-Sacks endocarditis? Wo does it present in?

A
  • Seen in patients with lupus
  • sterile platelet vegetations on cardiac valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do those with Marantic and Libman Sacks endocarditis present?

A
  • New cardiac murmur in setting of an embolic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who does infective endocarditis effect?

A
  • Older than 60
  • Males
  • IV drug use
  • Poor dentition
  • Structural heart disease
  • Implanted cardiac device
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How will an IV drug user with endocarditis present?

A

With right sided endocarditis due to S.aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the most common 3 pathogens of endocarditis?

A
  • S. aureus
  • S. viridans
  • Enterococci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If you have a patient who has IE due to streptococcus bovis, what should you look for?

A
  • Colon cancer or IBD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are HACEK?

A
  • Fastidious gram negative bacilli
  • Haemophihlus
  • Actinobacillus
  • Cardiobacterium
  • Eiknella
  • Kingella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How will a patient with Infective endocarditis present?

A
  • Fever >38
  • Anorexia, weight loss, night sweats
  • New cardiac murmur (usually regurgitation)
  • Vascular embolic events
  • Rarely:
    • Oslers nodes
    • Janeway lesions
    • Roth spots
    • Splinter hemorrhages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are osler’s nodes?

A

Red raised painful lesions in distal extremeties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the modified duke criteria for diagnosing IE?

A
  • Echocardiography
  • Blood cultures (before abx)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clinical diagnosis of IE?

(dont need to memorize?)

A
  • Major:
    • positive blood culture
    • persistent positive blood culture
    • evidence of endocardial involvement via echo
    • new regurgitation
  • Minor:
    • predisposition
    • fever
    • vascular phenomenon
    • immunological phenomenon
    • micro evidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cardiac complications of IE?

A
  • HF
  • Perivalvular disease
  • Pericarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Metastatic infection complications of IE?

A
  • Septic embolization
    • stroke, paralysis, PE, renal infarct
  • Metastatic abscess
  • Meningitis
  • Mycotic aneurysm
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Septic arthritis
17
Q

Renal complications from IE?

A
  • Septic embolization
  • Glomerulonephritis with renal failure
18
Q

Who gets endocarditis prophylaxis?`

A

High risk patients only:

  • Hx of IE
  • Hx of prosthetic valve replacement
  • Hx of cardiac valve repair
  • Hx of cardiac transplant with valvular regurgitation
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Dental procedures
19
Q

What causes myocarditis?

A
  • Idiopathic
  • Viral infections
  • Other organisms
20
Q

What are the most common viral causes of myocarditis?

A
  • Cocksackie B
  • HHV6
  • Parvovirus
21
Q

How will myocarditis present?

A
  • Recent viral infection
  • Fever, myalgia
  • Resp. or GI symptoms
  • New or worsening HF
  • Cardiac conduction abnormalities
  • Acute myocardial infarction like syndrome
22
Q

How do you dx myocarditis?

A
  • Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB)
23
Q

What images do you get for myocarditis?

A
  • CXR
  • ECG
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
24
Q

What labs do you order/results expected for myocarditis suspicion?

A
  • CBC with Diff
  • Elevated ESR and CRP
  • Elevated cardiac biomarkers
  • Elevated BNP
25
Q

How do you treat viral myocarditis?

A
  • ACEi or ARB
  • Beta blockers
  • Diuretics if volume overload
26
Q

What is the most common disorder involving the pericardium?

A
  • Acute pericarditis
27
Q

In the developing or 3rd world countries what causes acute pericarditis?

A

TB

28
Q

What causes pericarditis in developed countries?

A
  • Idiopathic
  • Viral
  • Non infectious:
    • AI
    • Malignancy
    • Cardiac
    • Trauma
    • Radiation
29
Q

How does acutd pericarditis present?

A
  • Sudden onset
  • Retrosternal sharp pleuritic pain
  • Radiates to trapezius ridge or neck
  • Pericardial friction rub
  • Dyspnea
  • Fever
  • Leukocytosis
30
Q

How do you diagnose acute pericarditis?

A

Two of the following:

  • Pericardial chest pain
  • Pericardial rub
  • New widespread ST elevation or PR depresssion
  • Pericardial effusion
31
Q

EKG findings for acute pericarditis?

A

Widespread ST elevation

PR segment depression

32
Q

What is Becks triad?

A
  • Hypotension
  • Muffled heart sounds
  • JVD

Cardiac Tamponade

33
Q

What are jugular venous waveforms?

A
  • absent Y descent because of lack of right ventricular filling
  • Manifestation of cardiac tamponade
34
Q

What is Pulsus paradoxus?

A
  • Abnormally large decrease in systolic BP during inspiration
35
Q

How does constrictive pericarditis present?

A
  • Symptoms of volume overload
  • Symptoms of reduced cardiac output
  • JVD
  • Pulsus Paradoxus
  • Kussmal sign
  • Pericardial knock
36
Q

What is kussmaul’s sign?

A
  • JVP fails to decrease with inspiration due to fixed diastolic volume in right heart
37
Q

How do you diagnose constrictive pericarditis?

A
  • CXR shows pericardial calcifications
38
Q

How do you treat acute pericarditis?

A
  • Treat underlying etiology
  • Avoid strenuous exercise
  • Anti-inflammatory’s and Colchicine

CPR 2 Exam 1 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions