Milk 2 Flashcards
What stabilizes the fat globules in milk?
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM)
What are the main components of the MFGM?
Protein and phospholipids
How does the size of milk fat globules affect milk properties?
Stability
Viscosity
Colour
Whipping
Where is lactase produced?
Small intestine
How does lactase activity change after weaning?
Declines
Properties of casein
80% of milk protein
Contains micelles
Makes milk white
Acid precipitable
Properties of whey
20% of milk protein
Acid soluble
Protein content of milk
3.5%
What are the 2 types of genotypic variation?
Additive and non-additive
What is the equation for quantitative traits?
Phenotype = Genotype + Environment
1st step of genetic variation of cows
IVF embryos are planted in a cow and foetuses are collected
2nd step in genetic variations of cows
Fibroblast cell lines are either frozen or selected
3rd step of genetic variation of cows
Fibroblasts are combined with embryos in cow for better genetics
What is the name for the 3rd step in genetic variation?
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
What is conventional breeding?
Breeding 2 cows for the desired traits
What is genetic engineering?
Removing a desired gene and transferring it to a desired genome
What is genome editing?
Susceptible gene is edited for a desired trait
How can genomic tools help dairy production?
Increase disease resistance
Increase yield
Improve animal welfare
What is galactosaemia?
Deficiency in lactase enzyme
What gene mutations cause galactosaemia?
Mutations in GALT, GALK1 and GALE
How is galactitol produced?
Build up of galactose and galactose 1-phosphate
What causes cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA)?
Abnormal immunological response to cow milk proteins
What are the allergens in milk?
Casein fragments and alpha and beta lactoglobulin
How can CMPA be reduced?
Genetic polymorphism
