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Genetics and biochemistry 2 > Gene cloning > Flashcards

Gene cloning Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is vector DNA?

A

DNA molecule that functions as a carrier to bring DNA into host cell and start replication

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2
Q

What are artificial chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes made from genetic engineering

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3
Q

What is in artificial chromosomes?

A

Centromere and telomere

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4
Q

What is a DNA library?

A

Collection of DNA fragments stored in a population of microorganisms

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5
Q

What does F factor stand for?

A

Fertility factor

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6
Q

Where is F factor used?

A

DNA transduction

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7
Q

What is the multiple cloning site?

A

Short sequence of DNA with restriction sites

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8
Q

What are YACs?

A

Yeast artificial chromosomes which are 200-3000kb in size

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9
Q

What are BACs?

A

Bacterial artificial chromosomes which are 100-300kb in size

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10
Q

Where are YACs used?

A

Yeast cells

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11
Q

Role of BACs

A

Transforming and cloning in bacteria

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12
Q

Size of bacteriophages

A

90kb

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13
Q

What are cosmids?

A

Plasmids containing DNA sequences from bacteriophage I

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14
Q

Size of cosmids

A

45kb

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15
Q

What are fosmids?

A

Like cosmids but based on bacteria plasmid containing F factor

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16
Q

Size of bacteriophage I

A

9-23kb

17
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small circular dsDNA

18
Q

What is an ORI?

A

Origin of replication

19
Q

Role of plasmids

A

Replicate independently of chromosomes

20
Q

What is phenotypic screening?

A

Finding the protein encoded by the gene that changes the colour of a colony

21
Q

What are bacteriophages?

A

Viruses that infect bacteria

22
Q

What type of molecules are bacteriophages?

A

ds molecules with ss ends

23
Q

Role of bacteriophages

A

Clone larger segments of DNA

24
Q

What is complementary DNA?

A

DNA synthesized from an mRNA

25
Q

What synthesizes mRNA into cDNA?

A

Reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase

26
Q

How is DNA cloned?

A

Insertion of a foreign DNA fragment into a vector capable of replicating

27
Q

Purpose of replicating DNA

A

Isolating DNA
DNA libraries
Perform molecular studies

28
Q

What are the 4 methods for DNA cloning?

A

Restriction enzyme digestion and ligation
T-A cloning
TOPO attached unidirectional cloning
Recombination based cloning

29
Q

How do DNA molecules get inside bacteria cells?

A

They are heat-shocked

30
Q

What is electroporating?

A

Using electric shocks to allow DNA to enter host cells

31
Q

What is conjugation?

A

Natural transmission from donor to recipient

32
Q

What is transfection of DNA?

A

Packing DNA into phage cells which then infect bacteria and so DNA is expressed

33
Q

What is a selectable marker?

A

Gene introduced into a cell that confers a trait for artificial selection

34
Q

Once DNA is cloned, what must be identified?

A

Transformed cells carrying the DNA

35
Q

What is the Gateway entry clone?

A

Silent clone used to shuffle DNA into expression vectors

36
Q

Purpose of Gateway entry clone

A

Allows the study of genes of interest

Genetics and biochemistry 2 (7 decks)

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