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Psychology - social influence > Milgram / agentic state > Flashcards

Milgram / agentic state Flashcards

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1
Q

Milgram APFC (1)

A

to see under what conditions would an individual obey authority

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2
Q

Milgram APFC (2)

A
  • 40 men (20-30 years)
  • paid $4.50
  • participant + confederate (draw straws)
  • Confederate rigged to always be learner
  • presence of an ‘experimenter’
  • teacher asks Q - learner wrong = shock
  • 30 switches - voltage
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2
Q

Milgram APFC (2)

A
  • 40 men (20-30 years)
  • paid $4.50
  • participant + confederate (draw straws)
  • Confederate rigged to always be learner
  • presence of an ‘experimenter’
  • teacher asks Q - learner wrong = shock
  • 30 switches - voltage
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3
Q

Milgram APFC (3)

A
  • 65% = administered fatal (450v) highest
  • 100% = reached 300v
  • 18 variations of this study
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4
Q

Milgram APFC (4)

A
  • situational variables affect results
  • such as the formality of the location - the need to continue the experiment - experimenter ‘prods’
  • obedience to authority is ingrained when authority is perceived as legitimate
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5
Q

Milgram variation 1 (females) how many reached 450v

A

65%

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6
Q

Milgram variation 2 (victim in the same room as the participant) how many reached 450v

A

40%

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7
Q

Milgram variation 3 (participant had to hold down the hand of the victim) how many reached 450v

A

30%

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8
Q

Milgram variation 4 (experimenter in separate room giving instructions) how many reached 450v

A

21%

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9
Q

reasons for the % in Milgram variation 1

A

men and women seemingly respond to authority similarly - situational aspects rather than dispositional many have an effect on people - some more susceptible but this is not a gendered difference

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10
Q

reasons for the % in Milgram variation 2

A

participant is closer to the victim, meaning they can see their actions and will feel more responsible - 2nd aspect of agentic state

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11
Q

reasons for the % in Milgram variation 3

A

Physically involved in the punishment - more likely to feel responsible, difficult to pas of responsibility - unable to ‘agentic shift’

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12
Q

reasons for the % in Milgram variation 4

A

Detached from the experimenter - authority not perceived as legitimate as before.

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13
Q

Hofling’s study APFC summary

A
  • 22 nurses
  • 90% overdose patients when ordered
  • unknown drug used
  • unfamiliar doctor gave order over phone
  • cannot talk with other nurses when administering the drug
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14
Q

Rank and Jacobson APFC summary

A
  • replicated Hofling
  • ordered by familiar doctor in person
  • ordered to administer Valium (familiar drug)
  • nurses allowed to discuss before hand
  • only 2/18 (11%) administered the drug
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15
Q

Milgram eval GOOD

A
  • real life application - ecological validity
  • ethics (debrief) 84% glad a year later
  • Tarnow Et al (2000)
  • procedure replicated a lot - consistent results = reliable
  • good external validity (Hofling)
  • Internal validity
16
Q

Milgram eval GOOD (Tarnow Et al)

A
  • assessed data from real-life settings
  • authority in the cockpit
  • 19/37 accidents = hesitation / over dependence
  • too dependent on the captains authority and likelihood to overrule (even when false)
17
Q

Milgram eval BAD

A
  • Not supporting external validity = generalisability = Nazi Trapp = was very close to the Jewish group, killed them anyway
  • Ethical issues = psych harm = Baumrind - severe emotional stress
  • Mandel = over-generalised findings = oversimplification of holocaust
  • ethical issues = informed consent - deception - right to withdraw
  • Rank and Jacobson (lacks ecological validity)

-Orne and Holland (doubt internal validity) demand characteristics

18
Q

what is the autonomous state

A
  • when you act on your own will, taking responsibility for your own actions
19
Q

what is the agentic shift

A

when you go from being in the autonomous state into the agentic state (requires two variables)

20
Q

what two variables are needed to shift to the agentic state

A
  • legitimise authority figure giving orders
  • ensure responsibility figure will take responsibility for their actions
21
Q

what is the agentic state

A

when you act as an agent for someone else’s will, passing on responsibility to the authority figure

22
Q

what is moral strain

A

when in the agentic state - the individual may feel a moral strain or anxiety as the actions they are committing are against their own moral values

23
Q

what are binding factors

A

essentially what keeps individuals in the agentic state when they are feeling moral strain

example - denying responsibility etc.

24
Q

how is authority legitimised

A
  • taught the ‘social hierarchy’ from a young age = acceptance of police etc.
  • uniform - status - used to legitimise
25
Q

what is destructive authority

A
  • those lower down in the hierarchy are ordered by those higher to act in cruel ways
  • uses POWER = fear of punishment
26
Q

what is destructive obedience

A
  • behave cruelly due to destructive authority
27
Q

Bickman APFC (legitimising authority)

A
  • milkman / security guard / normal
    all order people to do small tasks
  • milkman outfit = obeyed 47%
  • security guard outfit = obeyed 76%
  • normally clothed = obeyed 30%

Psychology - social influence (7 decks)

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