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Psychology > Milgram > Flashcards

Milgram Flashcards

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1
Q

Agentic state

A

Pp will blindly do whatever they are told, as the responsibilities of their actions are not on them. Done from the fact that obedience is rewarded - disobedience is punished

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2
Q

Autonomous state

A

Pp are fully aware of the consequences of their actions, and therefore have more choice

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3
Q

Aim

A

To see whether Pp would be more obedient to a person of authority. Specifically, if the Pp would be willing to enforce physical harm on such victims. To do this, he arranged a laboratory study involding administering electric shocks to a victim under the orders of a researcher

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4
Q

type of study

A

Observation

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5
Q

False aim

A

They were looking to see whether punishment had an effect on how people learn

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6
Q

Number of pp

A

40

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7
Q

demographic of Pp

A
  • all male
  • range of age - 20-50
  • all from connecticut, USA
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8
Q

Sampling method

A

volunteer

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9
Q

Where experiments took place

A

Yale university

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10
Q

experimenter characteristics + wearing

A
  • wore a grey technician’s coat
  • manner was not rude, but stern
  • 31 year old highschool teacher of biology
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11
Q

Victim characteristics

A

47 year-old accountant
- likeable manner

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12
Q

DV

A

How far each Pp would go down the shock generator

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13
Q

Prods given to Pp to encourage them to continue

A
  1. “please continue”
  2. “the experiment requires that you continue”
  3. “it’s absolutely essential that you must continue”
  4. “you have no other choice, you must go on”
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14
Q

Describe the shock generator

A
  • 30 switches
  • 15V-450V
  • Light shock; moderate shock; strong shock; very strong shock; intense shock; high intensity shock; danger severe shock; XXX
  • red light lights in correspondance to shock level, and a blue shock buzz goes off
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15
Q

Obediant operationalisation

A
  • anyone who continued after 300V level
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16
Q

defiant operationalisation

A
  • anyone who broke off before 300V
17
Q

Example question from after interview

A

“how painful were the last few shocks that you administered to the learner?”
14-point scale

18
Q

Link to assumption of social approach

A
  • behaviour, cognitions and emotions can be influenced by other individuals
  • Behaviour, cognitions and emtions can be influenced by groups of people, and social contexts
19
Q

Two surprising findings

A
  1. the obedience level: 65%
  2. How much stress and tension was caused as a result
20
Q

Conclusions

A
  • people are much more obediant to authoritave figures than we might think
  • Despite obedience levels, Pp find following orders extremely stressful
21
Q

psychology investegated

A

Disposition or situation?
Agentic and autonomous state

22
Q

define disposition

A

A person’s inherent qualities of a mind and character

23
Q

Milgram’s explaination for such high amounts of obedience shown

A
  • Yale uni, and the purpose of the (false) experiment made it seem legit
  • Pp think the victim did this voluntarily
  • told that the shock levels are “not dangerous”
24
Q

Individual or situational?

A

Both

25
Q

Nature vs nurture

A

both - whether Pp listens to the experimenter or the Learner

26
Q

Generalisability

A

positive:
- variety of occupants and education levels
- volunteer sample
- range of age (20-50)

Negative:
- all male
- small-ish sample
- all from same area

27
Q

Reliability

A
  • standardisation of instructions, shock machine, learner responses, prods
  • preliminary run to ensure Pp know what they’re doing
  • sample shock procedure
28
Q

Application

A
  • military - knowing that officers will obey instructions from an authoritave figure
  • People in hospitals being told to carry out orders that go against their own morals
29
Q

Validity

A

Positive
- quantitative and qualitative data used
- participants assured the experiment was real

Negative
- ecological validity
- low mundane realism
- can’t determine causation - observation

30
Q

Ethics

A

positive
- right to withdraw
- privacy
- confidentiality
- full debrief
- made an effort to ensure no long term psychological harm

Negative
- deception - false aim
- stress - physical and psychological harm
- right to withdraw - there, but obscured
- no full informed consent

Psychology (16 decks)

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