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Psychology > Baron-Cohen > Flashcards

Baron-Cohen Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain theory of mind

A

The ability to attribute mental states to oneself, or one person. How we make sense of another person’s behaviour

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2
Q

Problems with first version of eyes test

A
  • ceiling effectcs
  • 50/50 chance being correct
  • used very basic mental states
  • both words were opposite
  • more female than male eye pairs
  • not all terms understood
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3
Q

changes made to the new eyes test

A
  • 4 answers available
  • equal female and male used
  • increased 25 -> 36 images
  • used more complex mental states
  • all words same valence of difficulty
  • glossary introduced
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4
Q

Aims

A
  • to test as/HFA people for their ability to uderstand theory of mind
  • to test whether there would be a negative correlation between eyes test and AQ for normal adults
  • to see if female superiority remains like in the original test
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5
Q

Hypothesise (5)

A
  • AS/HFA group would score* lower* in the eyes test, but unimpared on gender control task
  • AS/HFA group score *higher *on AQ
  • Females in groups 2 & 3 score higher than males on eyes score
  • Males group 3 score higher than females on AQ
  • scores on AQ and eyes test negatively correlated
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6
Q

Experimental deisgn

A

Independant

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7
Q

Which cognitive assumption does this study best suit?

A
  • Similarities and differences between people can be understood in terms of individual patterns of cognition
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8
Q

Group 1 Pp (and what parts of the experiment they did)

A

-15
- all diagnosed with AS/HFA
- Autistic society support groups - VOLUNTEER

All four parts

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9
Q

Group 2 pp (and what parts of the experiment they did)

A
  • 122
  • normal adults
  • Public libraries, adult education
  • OPPORTUNITY

AQ & Eyes test

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10
Q

Group 3 pp (and what parts of the experiment they did)

A
  • 103
  • Students (Cambridge uni)
  • VOLUNTEER

All but gender recognition

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11
Q

Group 4 Pp (and what parts of the experiment they did)

A
  • 14
  • IQ mathced to G1
  • random sample from public

All but gender recognition

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12
Q

Type of study

A

Experiment - self report

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13
Q

Explain the AQ in Baron-Cohen

A

50 questions for a self report to see whether someone has potential characteristics of being on the autism spectrum (higher the score, more likely)

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14
Q

Where was the eyes test and gender recogntion taken?

A

individually, in a quiet room

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15
Q

Explain the purpose of the gender recognition task

A

Done as a control only on AS/HFA group

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16
Q

eyes test development stage 1

A

pilot stage:**40 ** sets of eyes judged by 8 experimenters.
- at least 5/8 had to guess correctly
- if more than 2/8 got the same wrong answer, set not useable

17
Q

Eyes test developement stage 2

A

testing:
- ussing 225 pp from groups 2 & 3
- At least 50% choose target word
- No more than 25 (1/4) select the same foil

as a result, 4 items dropped from the eyes test

18
Q

Conclusions (2)

A
  • AS/HFA have less of an ability to apply the concept of theory of mind
  • The revised eyes test can be used as a tool to find individual differences between people
19
Q

Psychology investigated

A

theory of mind

20
Q

Generalisability

A

positive:
- large sample
- males and females used
- diverse set of Pp

Negative:
- Small group of AS/HFA
- Group 3 could be smart - coming from Cambridge Uni

21
Q

Reliability

A

positive:
- standardised eyes test, AQ
- Lab experiment, variables easy to control
- Inter-rater reliability in developing eyes test
- Controls used: groups + glossary

22
Q

Application

A

revised eyes test could be used on other individuals than AS/HFA, eg. those recovering from brain surgery
- child version of eyes test

23
Q

Validity

A

Positive:
- AS/HFA group diagnosed
- pilot study done to ensure validity of eyes test
- Group 4 - IQ match to G1
- Changes made from the og eyes test
- AQ compared to the eyes test

Negative:
- Ecological validity - eyes are static
- Quasi experiment

24
Q

Ethics

A

positive:
- informed consent
- no deception
- privacy maintained

25
Q

Nature or nurture?

A

both

Psychology (16 decks)

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