Andrade

Question 1

divided attention vs focused attention

Answer 1

• divided attention: trying to focus on two things at once
• focused attention: All focus is on one thing

Question 2

Working memory model

Answer 2

suggests that we have two different types of working memory:
- vis-spatial: see & draw
- auditory: things you can hear

Question 3

Aim

Answer 3

To see whether doodling can assist in information processing by enabling people to attend more effectively by enhancing their memory

Question 4

Hypothesis

Answer 4

That doodling helps Pp to recall more people and places than a control condition that does not doodle.

Question 5

IV

Answer 5

Doodling or not doodling (control)

Question 6

DV

Answer 6

Number of correct people and places recalled

Question 7

Number of participants

Answer 7

40 (35 female 5 male)

Question 8

Age of Pp

Answer 8

18 - 55 years

Question 9

Sample technique

Answer 9

Opportunity sample from volunteer sample (from general public)

Question 10

Experimental design

Answer 10

Independant measures

Question 11

Type of study

Answer 11

Lab experiment - self report

Question 12

Recording details

Answer 12

• monotone voice
  -227 words/minute
• comfortable listening volume
• 2.5 minutes listened to

Question 13

Doodling sheet details

Answer 13

• rows of 10
• 4.5cm margin for writing info

Question 14

Operationalisation of doodling

Answer 14

shading in shapes on the sheet given - without worrying about neatness or speed

Question 15

Places & names on the recording

Answer 15

• 8places
• 8 names
  3 couldn’t go, 1 cat

Question 16

Examples of places

Answer 16

• London
• Gloucester
• Harlow

Question 17

Examples of names

Answer 17

• Jane
• Craig
• john
• william

Question 18

How was counterbalancing used?

Answer 18

• half of Pp were asked to recall places names, then names, and vice versa

Question 19

Conclusions

Answer 19

Doodling can aid concentration on an auditory task

Question 20

Nature vs nurture

Answer 20

• nurture: how people have learnt growing up
• nature: our brain’s natural ability to concentrate

Question 21

Psychology investigated

Answer 21

• daydreaming and attention (divided and focused)

Question 22

Which assumption of the cognitive approach does andrade best suit?

Answer 22

1 - Behaviour cognitions and emotions can be explained through cognitive factors such as attention, memory, learning and thinking

Question 23

generalisablity

Answer 23

positive:
- F and M used
- wide age range (18-55)

Negative
- uneven M and F
- small sample

Question 24

reliability

Answer 24

Positive:
- standardised script, doodling sheets, aims, time inbetween
- All Pp similarly bored

Question 25

Application

Answer 25

- educational settings - psychiatric settings - distracting people from being sad :(

Question 26

Validity

Answer 26

Positive: - all pp recruited from prev exeriment to assure boredom - quantitative data - operationalised doodling Negative: - ecological validity - Not all doodling is colouring in squares and circles (*mundane realism*) - Potential deman characteristics if deceptio was suspected

Question 27

Ethics

Answer 27

positive: - debrief - right to withdraw Negative: - deception used - potential psychological harm when told to remember what they hadn't - effected infromed consent