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Psychology > Laney et al. > Flashcards

Laney et al. Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain false memory

A

Having memories for things that never happened.
When we remember something, we are reconstructing it back into our working memory which causes us to fill in the gaps - sometimes with false information

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2
Q

Overall aim

A

Can you make someone have a false memory of liking asparagus?
- What affects does this have on behaviour/attitude

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3
Q

Hypothesis

A
  • it is possible to emplant a false memory that someone likes asparagus
  • This will make them rate it higher desirability.
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4
Q

Experiment 1 aim

A

whether giving false feedback that Pp loved asparagus as a kid would generate a false memory or belief.

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5
Q

Sample size of experiment 1

A

128

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6
Q

Sample details of experiment 1

A
  • 77% female
  • course credit
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7
Q

sample size experiment 2

A

-103
- 62% female

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8
Q

sample technique for both experiments

A

volunteer

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9
Q

Experiment 2 aim

A

to see if whether the Pp believes/has a false memory would make the very sight of asparagus more appealing
- also to replicate the results of the first experiment

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10
Q

Experimental design

A

independant measures

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11
Q

Where sample exp 1 was from

A

Universtiy of California

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12
Q

Where the sample in exp 2 was from

A

university of washington

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13
Q

type of study

A

self report - questionnaire

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14
Q

how long between sessions? (both exp)

A

approx 1 week

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15
Q

False aim for exp 1

A

they’d be finding out whether food preferences and personality had a correlation

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16
Q

IVs

A
  • love group
  • control group
  • believers
  • non-believers
17
Q

DV

A

answers to critical questions on the questionnaires

18
Q

Profile/feedback given in Exp 1

A
  • you disliked spinach
  • you enjoyed fried foods
  • you liked when a classmate bought sweets to school
  • (for love group only) you enjoyed cooked asparagus as a kid
19
Q

Feedback on exp 2

A

same as first exp, except, “you loved asparagus the first time you ate it”

20
Q

Issues with RQ and measuring likelihood of eating certain foods

A

social desirability bias - choosing healthier options to appear better

21
Q

Operationalisation of “believer”

A

had a belief that the situation occured, but no memory - had a low FHI for asparagus which increased in session 2

22
Q

Questionnaires in experiment 1 session 1

A
  • food history inventory (FHI) 24 items
  • Restaurant questionnaire (RQ) 32 items
  • 3 filler questionnnaires

(personality & eating habits)

23
Q

Questionnaires in Experiment 1, session 2

A

(repeated): FHI and RQ
+ food preferences questionnaire (FPQ) 62 items
+ food costs questionnaire (FCQ)
+ Memory or belief (MBQ)

all rated 1-8

24
Q

Experiment 1 conclusions

A
  • Pp can be led to frame false beliefs, and these have an affect on behaviours
25
Q

Experiment 2 conlcusions

A

same as experiment 1 + when looking at preferences from food images

26
Q

Questionnaires experiment 2, session 1

A

(same as experiment 1) FHI, RQ, 3x fillers

27
Q

Questionnaires experiment 2, session 2

A

food images slideshow

28
Q

describe food images slideshow

A
  • 20 slides common foods
  • 4 questions on each slide: How appetising? how disgusting? What level are the photographs? artistic quality
29
Q

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS

A
  • it is possible to implant false memories and beliefs for a positive childhood experience, such as liking asparagus for the first time tried
  • these false memories and beliefs are associated with positive attitudinal and behvioural consquences
30
Q

Generalisability

A

positive:
- large sample
- volunteer

Negative:
- all got course credit
- mostly female
- all from same universities

31
Q

Reliability

A

positive
- standardised questionnaires, profiles
- operationalised “believers”
- test-retest reliability with part repition of procedures

32
Q

Application

A
  • mental disorders - in implanting positive memories to help anxiety (GAD) or phobias
  • cancer patients recovering from Chemo - in helping them eat foods without associating it with feeling unwell
33
Q

Validity

A

positive
- quantitative data used - easy to compare
- false aims given to lessen demand characteristics
- lab experiment
- removed those who liked asparagus to begin with
- assured Pp had embedded profiles in sessions 2

Negative:
- psychology students used - more likely to seek out real aims
- low ecological validity
- social desirability bias in RQ

34
Q

Ethics

A

positive:
- debrief given
- right to withdraw
- no physical harm

Negative:
- psychological harm - unsure long-term effects
- deception
- unable full informed consent - deception
- course credit - less likely to withdraw

Psychology (16 decks)

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