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KU Kandidat Optagelsesprøve > Mikrobiologi > Flashcards

Mikrobiologi Flashcards

1
Q

Gram+ endosporedannende stave (aerob)

A

Bacillus anthracis

- beh: ciprofloxacin

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2
Q

Gram+ endosporedannende stave (anaerob)

A 
Clostridium: 
- Tetani: G-penicillin
- Botulinum: symptomatisk
- Difficile: vancomycin eller metronidazol
- Perfringes: Kirurgi + G-penicillin
Antitoksin!
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3
Q

Gram+ stave (andre)

A

Lactobacillus

Listeria monocytogenes: ampicillin

Corynebacterium diphertiae: antistof + azithromycin

Propionibacterium acnes:

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4
Q

Gram+ forgrenede stave

A

Actinomyces israelii: G-penicillin

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5
Q

Gram+ syrefaste stave

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: kombinationsbehandling for at sikre minimum resistens: rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamid + ethambutol

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6
Q

Gram+ kokker (streptokokker)

A

Beta-hæmolyse:

  • A: s. pyogenes: penicillin V (+ clindamycin) -> allergi: makrolider
  • B: s. agalacticae: penicillin

Alfa-hæmolyse:

    • optocin: s. pneumoniae: Penicillin eller ceftriaxon
    • optocin: s. orales: G-penicillin
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7
Q

Gram+ kokker (enterokokker)

A

E. faecalis: G-penicillin - ellers vancomycin

S. bovis:

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8
Q

Gram+ kokker (anaerob)

A

Peptostreptokokker

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9
Q

Gram+ kokker (staphylokokker)

A

Koagulase +:
- s. aureus: dicloxacillin

Koagulase -:

  • s. epidermidis: vancomycin
  • s. albus: penicillin
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10
Q

Gram - kokker (aerobe)

A

Neisseria meningitidis: G-penicillin

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: ceftriaxon eller ciprofloxacin

Moraxella catarrhalis: cefalosporin

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11
Q

Gram - stave (aerob)

A

Store:

  • Pseudomonas aureginosa: aminoglykosid + piperacillin
  • Legionella pneomophila: ciprofloxacin + makrolid

Små:

  • Bordetella (para)pertussis: makrolider (tidligt)
  • Brucella (melitensis/abortus/suis): tetracyklin + rifampicin
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12
Q

Gram - stave (anaerob)

A

Bacteroides fragilis:

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13
Q

Gram - stave (fakultativt anaerob) - store (+ laktose)

A

Store:

    • laktose:
  • E. coli: ciprofloxacin /UVI: mecillinam /meningitis: ampicillin + gentamycin
  • Klebsiella: ciprofloxacin
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14
Q

Gram - stave (fakultativt anaerob) - store (- laktose)

A
    • laktose:
  • krumme:
  • Campylobacter jejuni: makrolid
  • H. pylori: metronidazol + amoxicillin
  • Vibrio cholera eller el tor: ciprofloxacin
  • ikke-krumme: ciprofloxacin
  • Shigella (dysenteriae/flexneri/boydii/sonnei)
  • Salmonella (para)typhi, typhimurium eller enterididis
  • Proteus
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15
Q

Gram - stave (fakultativt anaerob) - små

A

Små:

  • H. influenzae: ampicillin
  • Y. pestis: tetracyclin
  • Y. enterocolitica: ciprofloxacin
  • Gardnerella vaginalis: metronidazol
  • Pasteurella multocida: penicillin
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16
Q

Andre (scirochaetaceae)

A

Treponema pallidum: G-penicilli
Borrelia burgdoferi eller recurrentis: G-penicillin
Leptospira interrogans: Penicillin + tetracyklin

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17
Q

Andre (de små)

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, psittaci eller pneumoniae: makrolid eller tetracyklin
Rickettsia: tetracyklin
Mycoplasma pneumoniae: makrolid eller tetracyklin

18
Q

Enkeltstrenget RNA virus (-) segmenteret

A

Orthomyxovirus: influenzavirus

- amantasin og rimantadin

19
Q

Enkeltstrenget RNA virus (-) ikke segmenteret

A

Rhabdovirus: rabies

Filovirus: Marburgs + ebola

Paramyxovirus:

  • Parainfluenza
  • RSV
  • Morbilli
  • Parotis
20
Q

Enkeltstrenget RNA virus (+) ikke segmenteret (kappe)

A

Togavirus: rubella

Flavivira:

  • Gul feber:
  • Japansk encephalitis
  • Dengue feber
  • Thick borne encephalitis
  • West-nile
  • HCV: interferon + ribavirin
21
Q

Enkeltstrenget RNA virus (+) ikke segmenteret (ingen kappe)

A

Calicivirus: HEV
- ribavirin

PicoRNAvirus:

  • HAV
  • Rhinovirus
  • Enterovirus
22
Q

Enkeltstrenget RNA virus (+) retrovira

A

HTLV

HIV: lamivudin + efavirenz + lopinavir (+ elvitegravir)

23
Q

Enkeltstrenget RNA virus (læses i begge retninger)

A

Arenavirus: lassafeber

Bunyavirus: hantavirus

24
Q

Diverse RNA

A

Astrovirus

HDV

25
Q

Dobbeltstrenget RNA virus

A

Reovirus: rotavirus

26
Q

Dobbeltstrenget DNA (kappe)

A 
Herpes:
Alfa: aciclovir
- HSV 1+2
- VZV
Beta:
- CMV: ganciclovir
- HHV6+7
Gamma:
- HHV 8
- EBV

Poxvirus

27
Q

Dobbeltstrenget DNA (ingen kappe)

A

Adenovirus: ribavirin, ganciclovir eller cidofovir

Papovavirus:

  • papilloma:
  • polyoma:
28
Q

Enkeltstrenget DNA

A

Parvovirus: humant parvovirus B19

29
Q

Partieltstrenget DNA

A

HBV: lamavudin, adefovir, dipivoxil eller entecavir

30
Q

Bændelorme

A

Eschinococcus multilocularis
Eschinococcus granulosus
- kirurgisk fjernelse + albendazol

Diphyllobothrium latum
- praziquantel

Tenia saginata: + steroid
Tenia solium
- praziquantel

31
Q

Ikter

A

Shistosoma: praziquantel

  • mansoni
  • haematobium
  • japonicum
32
Q

Rundorme

A

Strangyloides stercoralis: albendazol

Wuchereria bancrofti: albendazol

Ancylostoma duedenale
Nectar americanus
- mebendazol

Trichuris triciura: mebendazol

Trichinella spiralis: albendazol

Ascaris lumbricoides: mebendazol

Enterobius vermicularis: mebendazol

33
Q

Gærsvampe

A

Candida albicans:

  • mukokutan: fluconazol
  • Invasiv: echinocandin + fluconazol

Cryptococcus neoformans: ketoconazol

34
Q

Skimmelsvampe

A

Dermatofytter:

  • Epidermophyton
  • Microsporum
  • Trichophyton
  • hudinfektion: ketoconazol

Aspergillus fumigatus: voriconazol

35
Q

Amøber

A

Entamoeba histolytica: nitroimidazoler

Pneumocystis carinii: sulfamethoxazol + trimetoprim

36
Q

Sporozoer

A

Toxoplasmosis gondii: spiramycin

Plasmodium

  • vivax/ovale/malariae: klorokin
  • falciparum: malarone

Cryptosporidum parvum: nitazoxanid

37
Q

Mikrospora

A

Enterocytozoon bieneusi

38
Q

Flagelatter

A

Giardia lamblia: methronidazol
- patologi: To parasitstadier, trofozoiter og cyster. Cysterne udskilles med fæces og smitter gennem oral indtagelse. Cysterne passerer ventriklen og omdannes til trofozoiter, som deler sig i tyndtarmen.

Trichomonas vaginalis: methronidazol

Leishmaniasis: amfotericin B

Trypanosomas

  • brucei: pentamidin
  • cruzi: benznidazol
39
Q

Lus

A

Æg -> nymfe -> moden lus (4-5 æg dagligt)
- overlever ca. 1 måned

Behandling: Shampoo der indeholder pyretrum eller malathion. Igen efter 8 dag.
Balsam + lussekam

40
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Sygdomme: impetigo, erysipilas, nekrotiserende fasciitis, scarlagens feber, sepsis

Senfølger: glomerulonefritis + febris reumatica

41
Q

Streptococcus agalactica

A

Sygdomme: sepsis + meningitis (nyfødte) + puerperalfeber + UVI

42
Q

E. coli

A

Opdeling: Agglutination vha. antistoffer mod O-, H- og K-antigener

Virulensfaktorer: pili (UVI) og enterotoxiner + cytotoxin (GE)

KU Kandidat Optagelsesprøve (6 decks)

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