Migration 1 Flashcards
What’s migration
Movement across a specified boundary to establish a new permanent place of residence
What’s interregional migration
Different continent
What’s intraregional migration
same continent
What’s national migration
Within a country
What’s international migration
Different countries
What’s temporal
Change / time
What’s spatial
Change / space
What’s the top global migration 21st cent (2)
Europe —> Europe
Asia —> Europe
Top bilateral migration corridor
Mexico —> USA
Highest migration stock
Australia
Lowest migration stock
Cuba
Top source country
India
Top host country
USA
Net migration patterns in Uk and why
Brexit dip - negative message that we don’t like other eu countries, now need visa
Emigration stable since 2005 - free healthcare, education, good jobs
Net migration patterns in Europe and why
Poor countries eg Moldova have high emigration - poor sanitation and bad wages
Countries at war = high emigration - becoming refugees, fleeing for safety
Net migration patterns worldwide and why
Most of Africa have negative migration - poor sanity, no tourist attractions, diseases
Most of Europe and North America have positive migration - good job opportunities, eu don’t need visa
How many international migrants and what’s the % compared to world pop
272 million
3.5% of the world population
What the does the lee model contain
Pull factors
Intervening obsitcles
Push factors
What’s the 1. Reason for migration and the stat
Employment
Nearly 1/5 domestic workers is an international migrant
What’s the 2. Reason for migration and stat
Seeking better life - USA is 18th in the world happiness ranking
What’s the 3. Reason for migration and stat
Conflict - end of 2016 ther was 22.5 million refugees
What’s the 4. Reason for migration and stat
Environmental - 118 countries accepting environmental migrants
What’s the 5. Reason for migrants and the stat
Education - top destinations are UK and USA
UK CASE STUDY
where do most English people migrate to and what are the 4 reasons
Australia
- weather and climate
- chain migration
- jobs
- English speaking
UK CASE STUDY
what are the main reasons for people migrating to the Uk
- Jobs/ economy / wages
- Quality of life eg: healthcare and education
- political alliances
Top sender countries to the Uk and why (4)
Ireland - religious conflicts
Poland - higher wages
India - jobs
Italy - jobs
UK CASE STUDY
3 statistics/ key facts
- Close to 1/10 British people live abroad
- main types of Uk migrants are economic and retirement
- in 2017 1.2 million brits were living in other EU countries
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
Where does this take place
Africa - Europe
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
What’s the Dublin regulation
The first eu country refugees step foot on, must process them and find out if they are rlly refugees or if they are economic migrants, and decide whether to let them in
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
Main countries of origin ( 5 )
Morocco
Algeria
Tunisia
Lybia
Egypt
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
Main destination countries ( 5 )
Portugal
Spain
Italy
Greece
Lampedusa
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
Importance of Lampedusa
Halfway between Libya and Italy
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
What are the 3 migration routes and examples of countries
Western = Morocco —> Spain
Central = Algeria —> Italy
Eastern = Egypt —> Greece
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
What sea is involved and why
Mediterranean sea - most people survive but some people die from I’ll was and drowning
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
What’s frontex
Eu border management agency
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
Migration statistics
Tunisia = 470 men and 22 women
Men are seen as the earners so they leave in order to find money to send remittances back home
INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
4 causes of migration
- V high fertility rate due to bad education and contraception = no jobs and food * Niger *
- Climate change, lack of farming and food * Nigeria *
- Conflict such as threats from terror is groups * Al-quada *
- Etria ranked 1st for fear of crime, minimum wage in Uk is 55 times higher
INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
how many migrants from eu to uk
1.5 million
INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
How did the EU start
- 5 countries starting trade group called eu coal and steel trade
- UK denied offer to join and ended up begging to join years later
- expansion in 2006
- left in 2020 due to not liking Schengen
INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
What’s Schengen
Where in the eu it’s borderless - no need for visas, free movement
INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
3 opportunities created for migration to the UK
- Brought better skilled people, 12.5% higher skilled then native workers
- eu workers paying £2300 more in tax then Uk citizen compared to benefits they receive
- more farming, eu migrants willing to work longer hours
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
What economic factors can be affected by migration
Can promote stability in host = taxes, more workers, spend money
Can promote stability in origin= people can send remittances
Can be bad for origin = loss of skilled workers
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
What is this relationship called
2 way relationship
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
What are the 4 indicators of HDI
- life expectancy
- expected years of schooling
- mean years of schooling
- GNI per capita
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The pattern of hdi and examples
- high HDI in northern countries
- Low HDI in southern countries
E.g. chad - poor education
Madagascar - poor sanitation
Hati - injustice
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
How do remittances link
High remittances indicate high emigrants and a low gdp
