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A level human geo > Migration 1 > Flashcards

Migration 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s migration

A

Movement across a specified boundary to establish a new permanent place of residence

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2
Q

What’s interregional migration

A

Different continent

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3
Q

What’s intraregional migration

A

same continent

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4
Q

What’s national migration

A

Within a country

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5
Q

What’s international migration

A

Different countries

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6
Q

What’s temporal

A

Change / time

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7
Q

What’s spatial

A

Change / space

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8
Q

What’s the top global migration 21st cent (2)

A

Europe —> Europe
Asia —> Europe

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9
Q

Top bilateral migration corridor

A

Mexico —> USA

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10
Q

Highest migration stock

A

Australia

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11
Q

Lowest migration stock

A

Cuba

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12
Q

Top source country

A

India

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13
Q

Top host country

A

USA

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14
Q

Net migration patterns in Uk and why

A

Brexit dip - negative message that we don’t like other eu countries, now need visa

Emigration stable since 2005 - free healthcare, education, good jobs

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15
Q

Net migration patterns in Europe and why

A

Poor countries eg Moldova have high emigration - poor sanitation and bad wages

Countries at war = high emigration - becoming refugees, fleeing for safety

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16
Q

Net migration patterns worldwide and why

A

Most of Africa have negative migration - poor sanity, no tourist attractions, diseases

Most of Europe and North America have positive migration - good job opportunities, eu don’t need visa

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17
Q

How many international migrants and what’s the % compared to world pop

A

272 million

3.5% of the world population

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18
Q

What the does the lee model contain

A

Pull factors
Intervening obsitcles
Push factors

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19
Q

What’s the 1. Reason for migration and the stat

A

Employment

Nearly 1/5 domestic workers is an international migrant

20
Q

What’s the 2. Reason for migration and stat

A

Seeking better life - USA is 18th in the world happiness ranking

21
Q

What’s the 3. Reason for migration and stat

A

Conflict - end of 2016 ther was 22.5 million refugees

22
Q

What’s the 4. Reason for migration and stat

A

Environmental - 118 countries accepting environmental migrants

23
Q

What’s the 5. Reason for migrants and the stat

A

Education - top destinations are UK and USA

24
Q

UK CASE STUDY

where do most English people migrate to and what are the 4 reasons

A

Australia

  • weather and climate
  • chain migration
  • jobs
  • English speaking
25
Q

UK CASE STUDY

what are the main reasons for people migrating to the Uk

A
  • Jobs/ economy / wages
  • Quality of life eg: healthcare and education
  • political alliances
26
Q

Top sender countries to the Uk and why (4)

A

Ireland - religious conflicts
Poland - higher wages
India - jobs
Italy - jobs

27
Q

UK CASE STUDY

3 statistics/ key facts

A
  • Close to 1/10 British people live abroad
  • main types of Uk migrants are economic and retirement
  • in 2017 1.2 million brits were living in other EU countries
28
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

Where does this take place

A

Africa - Europe

29
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

What’s the Dublin regulation

A

The first eu country refugees step foot on, must process them and find out if they are rlly refugees or if they are economic migrants, and decide whether to let them in

30
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

Main countries of origin ( 5 )

A

Morocco
Algeria
Tunisia
Lybia
Egypt

31
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

Main destination countries ( 5 )

A

Portugal
Spain
Italy
Greece
Lampedusa

32
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

Importance of Lampedusa

A

Halfway between Libya and Italy

33
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

What are the 3 migration routes and examples of countries

A

Western = Morocco —> Spain

Central = Algeria —> Italy

Eastern = Egypt —> Greece

34
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

What sea is involved and why

A

Mediterranean sea - most people survive but some people die from I’ll was and drowning

35
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

What’s frontex

A

Eu border management agency

36
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

Migration statistics

A

Tunisia = 470 men and 22 women

Men are seen as the earners so they leave in order to find money to send remittances back home

37
Q

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

4 causes of migration

A
  1. V high fertility rate due to bad education and contraception = no jobs and food * Niger *
  2. Climate change, lack of farming and food * Nigeria *
  3. Conflict such as threats from terror is groups * Al-quada *
  4. Etria ranked 1st for fear of crime, minimum wage in Uk is 55 times higher
38
Q

INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
how many migrants from eu to uk

A

1.5 million

39
Q

INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

How did the EU start

A
  • 5 countries starting trade group called eu coal and steel trade
  • UK denied offer to join and ended up begging to join years later
  • expansion in 2006
  • left in 2020 due to not liking Schengen
40
Q

INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY

What’s Schengen

A

Where in the eu it’s borderless - no need for visas, free movement

41
Q

INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY
3 opportunities created for migration to the UK

A
  • Brought better skilled people, 12.5% higher skilled then native workers
  • eu workers paying £2300 more in tax then Uk citizen compared to benefits they receive
  • more farming, eu migrants willing to work longer hours = separatism numbers triples after eu expansion in 2006
42
Q

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

What economic factors can be affected by migration

A

Can promote stability in host = taxes, more workers, spend money

Can promote stability in origin= people can send remittances

Can be bad for origin = loss of skilled workers

43
Q

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

What is this relationship called

A

2 way relationship

44
Q

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

What are the 4 indicators of HDI

A
  • life expectancy
  • expected years of schooling
  • mean years of schooling
  • GNI per capita
45
Q

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The pattern of hdi and examples

A
  • high HDI in northern countries
  • Low HDI in southern countries

E.g. chad - poor education
Madagascar - poor sanitation
Hati - injustice

46
Q

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

How do remittances link

A

High remittances indicate high emigrants and a low gdp

A level human geo (2 decks)

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