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113 > Midterms | Unit 2.1 Electricity > Flashcards

Midterms | Unit 2.1 Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

Electricity and Magnetism are manifestations of a single underlying —

A

electromagnetic force

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2
Q

Converts electric energy into electromagnetic energy

A

X-ray Imaging System

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3
Q

X-ray Imaging System’s primary function

A

Converts electric energy into electromagnetic energy

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4
Q

Differentiate Electrostatics and Electrodynamics

A

Electrostatics is the study of stationary electric charges.

Electrodynamics is the study of electric charges in motion

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5
Q

The study of the distribution of fixed charges

A

Electrostatics

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6
Q

Types of electric chrages

A

Electric Potential (V)
Electric Current (I)

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7
Q

Electric Potential is measured in —

A

Volt

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8
Q

Electric current is measured in —

A

Ampere

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9
Q

Potential energy per unit charge

A

Volt

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10
Q

One Coulomb of electric charge
flowing per second

A

Ampere

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11
Q

Relation of Volt to electric charge

A

Volt is potential energy per unit charge (1 V = 1 J/C)

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12
Q

Relation of Ampere to electric charge

A

Ampere is one Coulomb of electric charge flowing per second (1 A = 1 C/s)

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13
Q

Smallest units of electricity

A

Electron and proton

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14
Q

Fundamental unit (S.I)

A

Coulomb

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15
Q

1 C= ?

A

10^18 electron chrages

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16
Q

Transfer or movement of an electron from one object to another object.

A

Electrification

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17
Q

Electrification can be created in what ways?

A

Friction
Contact
Induction

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18
Q

When one object is rubbed against another

A

Friction

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19
Q

When two object touch, permitting electrons to move from one to the other

A

Contact

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20
Q

The process of electrical fields acting on another without contact

A

Induction

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21
Q

Most important method (used in the operation of electronic devices)

A

Induction

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22
Q

If object has too few or too many electrons

A

Electrified Object

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23
Q

The object that behaves as a reservoir for stray electric charges

A

Electric Ground

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24
Q

The electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the electrostatic charges & inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

A

Coulomb’s Law

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25
Q

Coulomb’s Law formula

A

F = k(QaQb/d2)
— Where:
o F = electrostatic force (N)
o k = constant of proportionality (9x109 coulomb-meter)
o Qa & Qb = charges (Coulomb)
o d = distance (m2)

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26
Q

The lines of force that causes charged particles to move from one pole to another

A

Electric Field

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27
Q

Under electric field, where do positive and negatice charges point to?

A

Positive charge: points outward
Negative charge: points toward

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28
Q

Unlike charges attract; Like charges repel

A

REPULSION-ATTRACTION

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29
Q

— do not have an electric field

A

Uncharged particles

30
Q

Electric field — from positive charge

A

radiates out

31
Q

Electric field — a negative charge

A

radiate toward

32
Q

4 concepts under Electrostatic laws

A
  • Distribution
  • Law of Conceentration
  • Electrostatic force
  • Movement
33
Q

Charges uniformly distributed at the surface

A

Distribution

34
Q

Sharpest curvature of a surface

A

Law of concentration

35
Q

The force of attraction between unlike charges or repulsion between like charges

A

Electrostatic force

36
Q

Where is electrostatic forve inverssely and directly proportional to?

A

▪ Directly proportional to the product of their charges
▪ Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

37
Q

Under movement, only — move along the solid conductors

A

negative charges

38
Q

Under movemtn, — are tightly bound inside the nucleus

A

protons

39
Q

The study of electric charges in motion

A

Electrodynamics

40
Q

Works with electric current

A

Electrical Engineer

41
Q

Concerned with electron flow

A

Physicist

42
Q

Movement electrons along the wire

A

Electric Current

43
Q

Two Types of Current

A

Direct Current
Alternating Current (60Hz)

44
Q

Differentiate direct and alternating current in terms of description and waveform

A

Direct current: Electrons that flow in only one direction
Waveform: straight line

Alternating current: Electrons that flow alternately in the oppositedirection
Waveform: sinusoidal

45
Q

4 states of electric current

A
  • conductor
  • insulator
  • semiconductor
  • superconductor
46
Q

Any substance through which electrons flow easily

A

Conductor

47
Q

Any material that does not allow electron flow

A

Insulator

48
Q

A material that some conditions behave as an insulator & as a conductor

A

Semiconductor

49
Q

Any material that allows electrons to flow without resistance

A

Superconductor

50
Q

Characteristics of a conductor

A

▪ Variable resistance
▪ Obeys Ohm’s law
▪ Requires voltage
▪ Examples: copper (Z=29), aluminum (Z=13) & water

51
Q

Characteristics of an insulator

A

▪ Does not permit electron flow
▪ Extremely high resistance
▪ Necessary with high voltage
▪ Examples: glass, rubber & clay

52
Q

Characteristics of a semiconductor

A

▪ Can be conductive
▪ Can be resistive
▪ Basis for computers
▪ Examples: silicon (Si-14) & germanium (Ge-32)

53
Q

Characteristics of a superconductor

A

▪ No resistance to electron flow
▪ No electric potential required
▪ Must be very cold
▪ Examples: niobium (Nb-41) & titanium (Ti-22)

54
Q

He demonstrated semiconduction

A

William Shockley (1946)

55
Q

The property of some matter to exhibit no resistance below a critical temperature

A

Superconductivity (1911)

56
Q

A pathway that permits electrons to move in a complete circle from their source through the various components & back again

A

Electric circuits

57
Q

The flow of electrons through a conductor

A

Electric Current/Electricity

58
Q

Direction of an Electric Current/Electricity

A

Always opposite the electron flow

59
Q

How is electric current measured?

A

Amperes (A)

60
Q

Electric Current/Electricity
1A = ?

A

1 A: 1 C/s or 1 electric charge/second

61
Q

How is electric potential measured?

A

Volts

62
Q

Electric Potential
1 V = ?

A

1 V: 1 J/C or 1 potential energy/unit charge

63
Q

How is electric resistance measured?

A

Ohms

64
Q

Under electric circuits:
More (1)→ the greater the (2)→ (3)

A
  1. complex
  2. resistance
  3. decrease the electric current
65
Q

The voltage across the total circuit or any portion of the circuit is equal to the current times the resistance

A

Ohm’s Law

66
Q

Formulas for Ohm’s Law

A

▪ V = IR (for voltage)
▪ R = V/I (for resistance)
▪ I = V/R (for current)

67
Q

2 Basic Types of Electric Circuit

A
  • SERIES CIRCUIT
  • PARALLEL CIRCUIT
68
Q

All circuit elements are connected in a line along the same conductor

A

Series circuit

69
Q

RULES for SERIES:

A

o Rt = R1 + R2+ R3
o It = I1 = I2 = I3
o Vt = V1 + V2+ V3

70
Q

Elements are connected at their ends rather than lying in a line along a conductor

A

Parallel circuit

71
Q

Rule for Rt (Parallel circuit)

A

1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

113 (18 decks)

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