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113 > M1U3.1 > Flashcards

M1U3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Fundamental/ Basic Forces in Nature

A
  1. Gravitational force
  2. Weak nuclear force
  3. Electromagnetic force
  4. Strong nuclear forces
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2
Q

Governs the motion of the moon and artificial satellites around the Earth, the
motion of the Earth and planets around the Sun

A

Gravity

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3
Q

Is the force that holds all the objects onto the Earth

A

Gravitational force

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4
Q

Described as the force of attraction between all masses in the Universe, especially the attraction of the Earth’s mass for bodies near its surface

A

Gravitational force

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5
Q

Gravitational force has a long-range that has a strength of only about — times that of a
nuclear force

A

10^(−38)

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6
Q

Gravitational force exists whenever there is a —

A

matter

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7
Q

The gravitational force related to —; it is directly proportional to —.

A

weight

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8
Q

The gravitational acceleration on Earth is (1) it’s represented as (g), and on the moon, it is about (2)

A
  1. 9.8m/𝒔^𝟐,
  2. 1.6m/𝒔^2
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9
Q

On a different astronomical body like – or the —, the acceleration of gravity is different compared to Earth

A

Venus
Moon

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10
Q

Force that appears only in certain nuclear processes, such as the β-decay of a nucleus.

A

Weak nuclear force

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11
Q

What certain cuvlear processes does the weak nuclear force appears in?

A

β+, β-, electron capture

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12
Q

In β-decay, the nucleus emits an (1) and an uncharged
particle called the (2).

A
  1. electron
  2. neutrino
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13
Q

Weak nuclear force is responsible for (1) and (2)

A
  1. nuclear beta decay
  2. neutrino absorption and emission
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14
Q

Weak nuclear force is weaker than the strong nuclear force and the (1) but stronger than (2).

A
  1. electromagnetic force
  2. gravity
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15
Q

The range of a weak nuclear force is exceedingly small, of the order of —.

A

10^(-18) m

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16
Q

Example of the weak force

A

Beta-decay

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17
Q

During beta decay, a (1) disappears and is replaced by a proton, an electron, and a (2) (anti-electron).

A
  1. neutron
  2. neutrino
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18
Q

What replaces the neutron during beta decay?

A

Proton, Electron, and Neutrino

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19
Q

If the weak force were not to exist, many types of matter would become much more —.

A

stable

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20
Q

Without the weak force, the (1) would cease to exist. The weak force allows the fusion of protons and neutrons to form (2). The excess energy from this fusion is the source of (3) from the Sun.

A
  1. Sun
  2. deuterium
  3. heat
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21
Q

Acts as a thermostats that lowers the temperature of the Sun

A

Deterium

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22
Q

The weak nuclear force is not as weak as the (1), but much weaker than the strong nuclear and (2). The range of a weak nuclear force is exceedingly small, of the order of (3).

A
  1. gravitational force
  2. electromagnetic forces
    3.10-16 m
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23
Q

Force that causes the interaction between electrically charged particles

A

Electromagnetic Force

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24
Q

Electromagnetic force is the force between (1). When charges are at rest, the force is given by (2): attractive for
unlike charges and repulsive for like charges.

A
  1. charged particles
  2. Coulomb’s law
25
Q

Coulomb’s law

A

Like charges repel, unlike charges attract

26
Q

Charges in motion produce (1), and a magnetic field gives rise to a force on a moving charge. Electromagnetic force acts over (2) and does not need any (3).

A
  1. magnetic effects
  2. large distances
  3. intervening medium
27
Q

— can be attractive or repulsive.

A

Electromagnetic force

28
Q

Electromagnetic force binds (1) and (2) together to form ordinary matter

A
  1. atoms
  2. molecules
29
Q

It so much stronger than the Gravitational Force

A

Electromagnetic force

30
Q

Electromagnetic force has a long-range force, in principle extending over —

A

infinite distance

31
Q

The strong, attractive force between nucleons in the atomic nucleus that holds the nucleus together.

A

Strong nulcear foarce

32
Q

The strong nuclear force binds —- and — in a nucleus.

A

protons
neutrons

33
Q

The strong nuclear force is the strongest of all fundamental forces, about (1) times the
(2) in strength.

A
  1. 100
  2. electromagnetic force
34
Q

Term that means that it can bind regardless of charge

A

Charge-independent

35
Q

The strong nuclear force is charge-independent and acts equally between a (1), a (2), and a (3).

A
  1. proton and a proton
  2. neutron and a neutron
  3. proton and a neutron
36
Q

Its range is extremely small, of about nuclear dimensions (10^-15m).

A

Strong nuclear force

37
Q

Nuclear dimension

A

10^(-15) m

38
Q

The strong nuclear force is responsible for the stability of —.

A

nuclei

39
Q

The faster the spin of the nuclei, the (1) the force;
The slower the spin of the nuclei, the (2) the force

A
  1. stronger
  2. weaker
40
Q

This force is attractive in character

A

Strong nuclear force

41
Q

This force is charge independent

A

Strong nuclear force

42
Q

The strong nuclear force is dependent on the —

A

spin of the nuclei

43
Q

2 Processes in the gravitational force

A
  1. Adding motion to the universe
  2. Creating energy
44
Q

Where do the Sun and planets orbit?

A

They orbit a shared center of mass

45
Q

Planets with enough mass can develop — or —

A

orbiting moons
rings of debris

46
Q

Gravity is the force that creates (1) and (2) in the core of stars allowing them to burn for million years.

A
  1. pressure
  2. fusion energy
47
Q

2 Processes in the weak nuclear force

A
  1. Converting protons into neutrons
  2. Releasing radiation
48
Q

When 2 proons collide and fuse, a (1) in the weak nuclear force emits a (2) and (3), which converts one of the protons to a neutron.

A
  1. disruption
  2. positron
  3. neutrino
49
Q

Without the weak nuclear force turning protons into neutrons, certain — cannot form

A

complex nuclei

50
Q

— have an imbalace of protons and neutrons, so the weak nuclear force converts protons to neutrons releasing radiation

A

Heavy atoms

51
Q

2 Processes occuring in the electromagnetic force

A
  1. Forming atoms and molecules
  2. Generating light
52
Q

The electromagnetic force pulls (1) into bound orbits around (2) to form atoms and molecules.

A
  1. negatively charged electrons
  2. positively charged nuclei
53
Q

As gas cools, electrons will find their way into the presence of —. (EM force)

A

atomic nuclei

54
Q

Larger nuclei with a higher positive charge pull in (1) until atoms and molecules have a balance of (2).

A
  1. more electrons
  2. charges
55
Q

When a negative electron interacts with a positive proton, the electromagnetic force adds energy to the electron generating a —.

A

photon

56
Q

2 Processes occuring in the strong nuclear force

A
  1. Binding protons in atomic nuclei
  2. Breaking the bond
57
Q

— particles naturally repel each other

A

Positively-charged

58
Q

The strong nuclear force overcomes the (1) between protons to hold together atomic nuclei. Without the strong nuclear force, (2) cannot form.

A
  1. repulsion
  2. complex nuclei
59
Q

Enormous energy is released as (1) and (2) when the strong nuclear force is broken between protons and neutrons.

A
  1. gamma rays
  2. neutrinos

113 (18 decks)

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