M1U3.1

Question 1

4 Fundamental/ Basic Forces in Nature

Answer 1

1. Gravitational force
2. Weak nuclear force
3. Electromagnetic force
4. Strong nuclear forces

Question 2

Governs the motion of the moon and artificial satellites around the Earth, the
motion of the Earth and planets around the Sun

Answer 2

Gravity

Question 3

Is the force that holds all the objects onto the Earth

Answer 3

Gravitational force

Question 4

Described as the force of attraction between all masses in the Universe, especially the attraction of the Earth’s mass for bodies near its surface

Answer 4

Gravitational force

Question 5

Gravitational force has a long-range that has a strength of only about — times that of a
nuclear force

Answer 5

10^(−38)

Question 6

Gravitational force exists whenever there is a —

Answer 6

matter

Question 7

The gravitational force related to —; it is directly proportional to —.

Answer 7

weight

Question 8

The gravitational acceleration on Earth is (1) it’s represented as (g), and on the moon, it is about (2)

Answer 8

1. 9.8m/𝒔^𝟐,
2. 1.6m/𝒔^2

Question 9

On a different astronomical body like – or the —, the acceleration of gravity is different compared to Earth

Answer 9

Venus
Moon

Question 10

Force that appears only in certain nuclear processes, such as the β-decay of a nucleus.

Answer 10

Weak nuclear force

Question 11

What certain cuvlear processes does the weak nuclear force appears in?

Answer 11

β+, β-, electron capture

Question 12

In β-decay, the nucleus emits an (1) and an uncharged
particle called the (2).

Answer 12

1. electron
2. neutrino

Question 13

Weak nuclear force is responsible for (1) and (2)

Answer 13

1. nuclear beta decay
2. neutrino absorption and emission

Question 14

Weak nuclear force is weaker than the strong nuclear force and the (1) but stronger than (2).

Answer 14

1. electromagnetic force
2. gravity

Question 15

The range of a weak nuclear force is exceedingly small, of the order of —.

Answer 15

10^(-18) m

Question 16

Example of the weak force

Answer 16

Beta-decay

Question 17

During beta decay, a (1) disappears and is replaced by a proton, an electron, and a (2) (anti-electron).

Answer 17

1. neutron
2. neutrino

Question 18

What replaces the neutron during beta decay?

Answer 18

Proton, Electron, and Neutrino

Question 19

If the weak force were not to exist, many types of matter would become much more —.

Answer 19

stable

Question 20

Without the weak force, the (1) would cease to exist. The weak force allows the fusion of protons and neutrons to form (2). The excess energy from this fusion is the source of (3) from the Sun.

Answer 20

1. Sun
2. deuterium
3. heat

Question 21

Acts as a thermostats that lowers the temperature of the Sun

Answer 21

Deterium

Question 22

The weak nuclear force is not as weak as the (1), but much weaker than the strong nuclear and (2). The range of a weak nuclear force is exceedingly small, of the order of (3).

Answer 22

1. gravitational force
2. electromagnetic forces
   3.10-16 m

Question 23

Force that causes the interaction between electrically charged particles

Answer 23

Electromagnetic Force

Question 24

Electromagnetic force is the force between (1). When charges are at rest, the force is given by (2): attractive for
unlike charges and repulsive for like charges.

Answer 24

1. charged particles
2. Coulomb’s law

Question 25

Coulomb's law

Answer 25

Like charges repel, unlike charges attract

Question 26

Charges in motion produce (1), and a magnetic field gives rise to a force on a moving charge. Electromagnetic force acts over (2) and does not need any (3).

Answer 26

1. magnetic effects 2. large distances 3. intervening medium

Question 27

--- can be attractive or repulsive.

Answer 27

Electromagnetic force

Question 28

Electromagnetic force binds (1) and (2) together to form ordinary matter

Answer 28

1. atoms 2. molecules

Question 29

It so much stronger than the Gravitational Force

Answer 29

Electromagnetic force

Question 30

Electromagnetic force has a long-range force, in principle extending over ---

Answer 30

infinite distance

Question 31

The strong, attractive force between nucleons in the atomic nucleus that holds the nucleus together.

Answer 31

Strong nulcear foarce

Question 32

The strong nuclear force binds ---- and --- in a nucleus.

Answer 32

protons neutrons

Question 33

The strong nuclear force is the strongest of all fundamental forces, about (1) times the (2) in strength.

Answer 33

1. 100 2. electromagnetic force

Question 34

Term that means that it can bind regardless of charge

Answer 34

Charge-independent

Question 35

The strong nuclear force is charge-independent and acts equally between a (1), a (2), and a (3).

Answer 35

1. proton and a proton 2. neutron and a neutron 3. proton and a neutron

Question 36

Its range is extremely small, of about nuclear dimensions (10^-15m).

Answer 36

Strong nuclear force

Question 37

Nuclear dimension

Answer 37

10^(-15) m

Question 38

The strong nuclear force is responsible for the stability of ---.

Answer 38

nuclei

Question 39

The faster the spin of the nuclei, the (1) the force; The slower the spin of the nuclei, the (2) the force

Answer 39

1. stronger 2. weaker

Question 40

This force is attractive in character

Answer 40

Strong nuclear force

Question 41

This force is charge independent

Answer 41

Strong nuclear force

Question 42

The strong nuclear force is dependent on the ---

Answer 42

spin of the nuclei

Question 43

2 Processes in the gravitational force

Answer 43

1. Adding motion to the universe 2. Creating energy

Question 44

Where do the Sun and planets orbit?

Answer 44

They orbit a shared center of mass

Question 45

Planets with enough mass can develop --- or ---

Answer 45

orbiting moons rings of debris

Question 46

Gravity is the force that creates (1) and (2) in the core of stars allowing them to burn for million years.

Answer 46

1. pressure 2. fusion energy

Question 47

2 Processes in the weak nuclear force

Answer 47

1. Converting protons into neutrons 2. Releasing radiation

Question 48

When 2 proons collide and fuse, a (1) in the weak nuclear force emits a (2) and (3), which converts one of the protons to a neutron.

Answer 48

1. disruption 2. positron 3. neutrino

Question 49

Without the weak nuclear force turning protons into neutrons, certain --- cannot form

Answer 49

complex nuclei

Question 50

--- have an imbalace of protons and neutrons, so the weak nuclear force converts protons to neutrons releasing radiation

Answer 50

Heavy atoms

Question 51

2 Processes occuring in the electromagnetic force

Answer 51

1. Forming atoms and molecules 2. Generating light

Question 52

The electromagnetic force pulls (1) into bound orbits around (2) to form atoms and molecules.

Answer 52

1. negatively charged electrons 2. positively charged nuclei

Question 53

As gas cools, electrons will find their way into the presence of ---. (EM force)

Answer 53

atomic nuclei

Question 54

Larger nuclei with a higher positive charge pull in (1) until atoms and molecules have a balance of (2).

Answer 54

1. more electrons 2. charges

Question 55

When a negative electron interacts with a positive proton, the electromagnetic force adds energy to the electron generating a ---.

Answer 55

photon

Question 56

2 Processes occuring in the strong nuclear force

Answer 56

1. Binding protons in atomic nuclei 2. Breaking the bond

Question 57

--- particles naturally repel each other

Answer 57

Positively-charged

Question 58

The strong nuclear force overcomes the (1) between protons to hold together atomic nuclei. Without the strong nuclear force, (2) cannot form.

Answer 58

1. repulsion 2. complex nuclei

Question 59

Enormous energy is released as (1) and (2) when the strong nuclear force is broken between protons and neutrons.

Answer 59

1. gamma rays 2. neutrinos