Midterms | Information Science and Information Technology Flashcards
General term that describes how you produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and disseminate information
Information Technology (IT)
IT covers any form of (1), that is, any (2) or (3) used by a company, institution, or any other organization which handles information
- technology
- equipment
- techniques
Incorporates computing, telecommunication technologies, and includes consumer electronics and broadcasting as it is getting more and more digitalized
IT
IT involves the use of 2 major technologies
- Computer Technology
- Communication Technology
Combines hardware of computers and computer-controlled devices with softwate to support training technology
Computer technology
Examples of software (comp technology)
- Operating systems
- Authoring tools
- Expert systems
- Courseware
Most important software that runs on a computer; w/o it, a computer is useless
Operating systems
Example of operating systems
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Software application that enable users to create multimedia contents
Authoring tools
Example of authoring tools
Photo and video editing apps
Uses AI to stimulate judgement and behavior of a human/ organization
Expert systems
Educatoinal softwares
Coursewares
Devices that use communication technology
Telephone
Radio
Mocie cam
TV
Cellphones
Web TV
Internet
etc.
Key elements of Communication Technology
- MODEM
- Communication Media
- Communication Networks
MODEM is a contraction for —
Modulate/ Demodulate
Process of encoding information in a transmitted signal
Modulation
Process of extracting information from the transmitted signal
Demodulation
Used to send and receive signals from computers by converting a digital signal from the computer (modulate) into an analog signal
Modulate/ Demodulate (MODEM)
Analog signal is transmitted over a/n (1) to a/n (2)
- communication links
- receiving computer
Example of a communication link
Internet Service Providers (ISP)
Analog signal must be converted back to a/n (1) (demodulate) for processing by a/n (2)
- digital signal
- digital computer
MODEM can be (1) or (2) to the computer, and transmits data in (3) which will vary depending on the type of (4) used
- external
- internal
- bits per second (bps)
- technology
Physical components which transmit a media
Communication Media
Communication Media
Data transmissions require some part of — to fo the tasks
medium
Other communications media
Wire pairs
Coaxial cables
Fiber optics
Microwave
Satellite transmission
Used to send data using radio frequencies
Wireless transmission
Essential tools for devices to communication with each other
Protocols
Set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and a computer, or between 2 computers
Protocols
Layout/ configuration of the connected devices on a network
Topology
Common topologies on a communication network
Bus
Ring
Star
Mesh
Any device that is coupled to the network components
Host computer end hubs
Example of devices ubder communication networks
Hub switches
Bridge
Routers
Gateways
Types of Network
Local area network (LAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
Smallest network
LAN
Largest network
WAN
Network that interconnects user with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than LAN but smaller that WAN
MAN
Differentiate types of network according to their use
LAN: buildings like office
MAN: city-wide
WAN: multiple cities, countries or continents
Differentiate types of network according to tansmission speed of data
LAN: High
MAN: Average
WAN: Low to average
all devices ar econnected to a single main cable; has terminated ends
Bus
All devices in a closed loop
Ring
Connected to a centeral node which can be a hub or a switch
Star
When evry devoce is directly connected to one computer (?)
Mesh
Uses bus and star topologies to create a network
Tree
Connection between a sender and receiver; works on the functionality of the sender and receiver
Point-to-point
Stusy of computer and computational systems
Computer Science
Simulation of human intelligence
AI
Sets of integrated devices that input, output, process, and store data and information
Computer systems
Interconnected devices that can exchange data with each other
Computer networks
Software components that allow storage, retrieval, updating, and deletion of data in a computer system
Security and database systems
Concerned with understanding and improving the interaction between humans and computers
Human computer interaction
Deals with the acquisition, processing, and rendering of visual information in different perspectives such as image and videos
Vision and graphics
Sets of instructions encoded by a programmer to deliver instructions to the computer to perform and accomplish a task
Programming languages
Maintenance o fsoftware applications
Software engineering
Application of computer technology to manage biologic information
Bioinformatics
Deals with what problems can be solved using an algorithm
Theory of computing
Set of command that must be followed by the computer to perform problem-solving operations
Algorithm
Computer science includes? (11)
- Artificial Intelligence
- Computer systems
- Computer networks
- Security and databases systems
- Human computer interaction
- Vision and graphics
- Numerical analysis
- Programming languages
- Software engineering
- Bioinformatics
- Theory of computing
ACCS HVP BSNT
Computer applications in radiology also continue to grow
Computer science
Computer science
- The first large-scale radiology application was (1).
- (2), (3), and (4) use computers similarly to the way (1) imaging systems do
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- diagnostic ultrasonograph
- nuclear medicine
Involves several disciplines including behavioral science, social science, business, and computer science
Information science
Deals with various forms of information and the communication, processing, evaluation, analysis, and storage of information by machines and people
Information science
Involves working with computers and enormous quantities of information but focuses on the systems themselves and how they are used, leaning heavily on investigation and research
Information science
Information science can be divided into three major ares
- Information systems
- Computer Human Interaction
- Studying Copmuting from a Social Perpective
Information systems associated disciplines of study
Opoerations esearch and computer science
Computer Human Interaction associated discipline of study
Cognitive studies, communication and psychology
Studying computing from a social studies perspective
Economics, science, tecnology, and law
Study od human behavior
Behavioral science
Study of people as individuals, community, and as a society
Social science
