Finals | PPT 2.1 PACS Flashcards
PACS
Picture Archiving and Communication System
PACS (1), (2), and (3) medical images for (4) or (5)
- stores
- distributes
- displays
- interpretation
- review
they have taken on an increasingly important role in trhe entire workflow of the radiology dept
PACS
A PACS ideally replaces all —
stand-alone single modality WSs
PACS is further strengthened by integration with a hosptal’s other (1), including the (2) and (3)
- IT infrastracures
- HIS
- RIS
PACS SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS
- DATA AND IMAGE ACQUISITION GATEWAYS
- PACS SERVER AND ARCHIVE
- DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS
❑ PROBLEM: Images and patient data generated by the modality contains format information unacceptable for the on-site PACS operation
❑ SOLUTION: —
Acquisition GW computers (“modality integration unit”/MIU) are placed between the modalities and the rest of the PACS network to isolate the host computer in the modality from the PACS
❑ PROBLEM: If host computer do not contain intelligence to work with the PACS server to recover various error
❑ SOLUTION: —
3 PRIMARY TASK
✓ It acquires image data from the radiological imaging device to convert data from the manufacturers specification to a PACS standard format (header format, byte ordering and matrix sizes) that is compliant with the DICOM data formats and then forward the image study to the PACS server or display WSs.
3 PRIMARY TASK
PACS standard format that is compliant with the DICOM data formats
header format
byte ordering
matrix sizes
engine of PACS with 2 MAJOR COMPONENTS
PAC server
PAC server 2 MAJOR COMPONENTS
A. Database server
B. Archive system
Short-term, long-term, and permanent storage
Archive system
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Receives images from examinations (exams) via —
acquisition gateways
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Extracts text information describing the received exam from the —
DICOM image header
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Updates the —
database management system
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Determines the — to which newly generated exams are to be forwarded
destination workstations
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Automatically retrieves necessary (1) from historical exams from a/n (2) or (3)
- comparison images
- cache storage
- long term library archive system
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Automatically corrects the — of computed or digital radiography images
orientation
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Determines optimal — for image display
contrast and brightness parameters
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Performs image data — if necessary
compression
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Performs data — if necessary
integrity check
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Archives new exams onto —
long-term archive library
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Deletes images that have been archived from the —
acquisition gateway
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Services — from WSs and other PACS controllers in the enterprise PACS
query/retrieve requests
Major functions of the PACS server and archive
Interfaces with —
PACS application servers
Any computer that a health care worker uses to view a digital image.
DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS
It is the most interactive part of a PACS, and these workstations are used inside and outside of radiology.
DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS
DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS includes
- communication network connection
- local database
- display
- resource management
- processing software
CR LPD
High-quality WSs for radiologists to make primary diagnosis are called (1), the others are generally called (2).
- diagnostic Ws
- review WS
Major functions of PACS workstations
Case preparation
Case selection
Image arrangement
Interpretation
Documentation
Case presentation
Image reconstruction
CCC III D
Accumulation of all relevant images and information belong- ing to a patient examination
Case preparation
Selection of cases for a given subpopulation through DICOM query/retrieve
Case selection
Tools for arranging and grouping images for easy review
Image arrangement
Measurement tools for facilitating the diagnosis
Interpretation
Tools for image annotation, text, and voice reports
Documentation
Tools for a comprehensive case presentation, including 3-D image display for a large 3-D file, and fusion images
Case presentation
Tools for various types of image reconstruction for proper display
Image reconstruction
Case presentation are tools for a comprehensive case presentation, including (1), and (2)
- 3-D image display for a large 3-D file
- fusion images
DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS
Through these, PACS data can be filtered to different servers tailored for various applications
Application Servers
DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS
Application Servers are connected to the (1) and (2)
- PACS server
- archive
DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS
Application Servers examples
- Web-based image viewing server
- radiation therapy ePR server
- image-guided surgery ePR server
- CAD server
- education server
WRICE
Universally accepted standard for exchanging medical images among the modality, viewing stations, and the archive.
DICOM
DICOM
Digital imaging and communications in medicine
This standard laid the groundwork for the future development of integrated PACSs.
DICOM
DICOM was first completed in this year
1985
Now each modality and PACS communicates via —, and it continues to be refined every year.
DICOM
