Finals | PPT 2.1 PACS Flashcards by Eun Woo

Q

PACS

A

Picture Archiving and Communication System

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Q

PACS (1), (2), and (3) medical images for (4) or (5)

A

stores
distributes
displays
interpretation
review

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Q

they have taken on an increasingly important role in trhe entire workflow of the radiology dept

A

PACS

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Q

A PACS ideally replaces all —

A

stand-alone single modality WSs

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Q

PACS is further strengthened by integration with a hosptal’s other (1), including the (2) and (3)

A

IT infrastracures
HIS
RIS

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Q

PACS SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

A

DATA AND IMAGE ACQUISITION GATEWAYS
PACS SERVER AND ARCHIVE
DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS

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Q

❑ PROBLEM: Images and patient data generated by the modality contains format information unacceptable for the on-site PACS operation

❑ SOLUTION: —

A

Acquisition GW computers (“modality integration unit”/MIU) are placed between the modalities and the rest of the PACS network to isolate the host computer in the modality from the PACS

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Q

❑ PROBLEM: If host computer do not contain intelligence to work with the PACS server to recover various error

❑ SOLUTION: —

A

3 PRIMARY TASK

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Q

✓ It acquires image data from the radiological imaging device to convert data from the manufacturers specification to a PACS standard format (header format, byte ordering and matrix sizes) that is compliant with the DICOM data formats and then forward the image study to the PACS server or display WSs.

A

3 PRIMARY TASK

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Q

PACS standard format that is compliant with the DICOM data formats

A

header format
byte ordering
matrix sizes

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Q

engine of PACS with 2 MAJOR COMPONENTS

A

PAC server

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Q

PAC server 2 MAJOR COMPONENTS

A

A. Database server
B. Archive system

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Q

Short-term, long-term, and permanent storage

A

Archive system

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Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Receives images from examinations (exams) via —

A

acquisition gateways

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Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Extracts text information describing the received exam from the —

A

DICOM image header

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Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Updates the —

A

database management system

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Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Determines the — to which newly generated exams are to be forwarded

A

destination workstations

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Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Automatically retrieves necessary (1) from historical exams from a/n (2) or (3)

A

comparison images
cache storage
long term library archive system

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Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Automatically corrects the — of computed or digital radiography images

A

orientation

Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Determines optimal — for image display

A

contrast and brightness parameters

Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Performs image data — if necessary

A

compression

Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Performs data — if necessary

A

integrity check

Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Archives new exams onto —

A

long-term archive library

Q

Major functions of the PACS server and archive

Deletes images that have been archived from the —

A

acquisition gateway

Major functions of the PACS server and archive Services --- from WSs and other PACS controllers in the enterprise PACS

query/retrieve requests

Major functions of the PACS server and archive Interfaces with ---

PACS application servers

Any computer that a health care worker uses to view a digital image.

DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS

It is the most interactive part of a PACS, and these workstations are used inside and outside of radiology.

DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS

DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS includes

- communication network connection - local database - display - resource management - processing software CR LPD

High-quality WSs for radiologists to make primary diagnosis are called (1), the others are generally called (2).

1. diagnostic Ws 2. review WS

Major functions of PACS workstations

Case preparation Case selection Image arrangement Interpretation Documentation Case presentation Image reconstruction CCC III D

Accumulation of all relevant images and information belong- ing to a patient examination

Case preparation

Selection of cases for a given subpopulation through DICOM query/retrieve

Case selection

Tools for arranging and grouping images for easy review

Image arrangement

Measurement tools for facilitating the diagnosis

Interpretation

Tools for image annotation, text, and voice reports

Documentation

Tools for a comprehensive case presentation, including 3-D image display for a large 3-D file, and fusion images

Case presentation

Tools for various types of image reconstruction for proper display

Image reconstruction

Case presentation are tools for a comprehensive case presentation, including (1), and (2)

1. 3-D image display for a large 3-D file 2. fusion images

DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS Through these, PACS data can be filtered to different servers tailored for various applications

Application Servers

DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS Application Servers are connected to the (1) and (2)

1. PACS server 2. archive

DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS Application Servers examples

1. Web-based image viewing server 2. radiation therapy ePR server 3. image-guided surgery ePR server 4. CAD server 5. education server WRICE

Universally accepted standard for exchanging medical images among the modality, viewing stations, and the archive.

DICOM

DICOM

Digital imaging and communications in medicine

This standard laid the groundwork for the future development of integrated PACSs.

DICOM

DICOM was first completed in this year

1985

Now each modality and PACS communicates via ---, and it continues to be refined every year.

DICOM