Finals | Medical Image Displaying, Visualization and Representation

Question 1

A system that offers browsing of patients’ studies with a series of images.

Answer 1

Image Display

Question 2

Supports the retrieval of selected set of images and their presentation characteristics specified by modality (size, color, annotations, layout, etc.).

Answer 2

Image Display

Question 3

Image Display
Two components:

Answer 3

A. Processing unit
B. Image memory

Question 4

Used to supplement the computer memory to increase the storage capacity for images and to speed up the image display.

Answer 4

Image memory

Question 5

Two types of computer memory:

Answer 5

a. Random access memory (RAM)
b. Video random access memory (VRAM)

Question 6

usually comes with the computer and is less expensive

Answer 6

RAM

Question 7

has a very high input/ output rate and is used to display images/ graphics

Answer 7

VRAM

Question 8

A workstation usually has more (1) than (2). In PACS, typical numbers are (3) RAM and (4) VRAM or more

Answer 8

1. RAM
2. VRAM
3. 1GB
4. 64Mbyte

Question 9

are defined as those at workstations used for diagnosis.

Answer 9

CLASS 1 DISPLAY MONITORS:

Question 10

May still be classified as “workstations” as we have defined them, but are not used for diagnosis.

Answer 10

CLASS 2 MONITORS:

Question 11

is defined as a fully-equipped computer terminal that cannot only access images, but can be used to manipulate image quality and permanently save changes made to the image in the PAC system. Patient information attached to each image can also be added or deleted.

Answer 11

WORKSTATION

Question 12

The control console of a CT or MRI machine can be classified as a —.

Answer 12

workstation

Question 13

Is defined as a computer terminal that is limited to the display of stored images—there is no ability to permanently manipulate or change the image, nor generally to print out hard copies.

Answer 13

DISPLAY STATION

Question 14

Process of assigning a value to a dead pixel based on the recorded values of adjacent pixels.

Answer 14

Interpolation Algorithms

Question 15

Reconstruction of an image at any z-axis position is possible because of this mathematical process.

Answer 15

Interpolation Algorithms

Question 16

If one wishes to estimate a value BETWEEN known values, that is (1); if one wishes to estimate a value BEYOND the range of known values, that is (2).

Answer 16

1. interpolation
2. extrapolation

Question 17

Data INTERPOLATION is performed by a special computer program called a/n (1). The first (1) use (2) interpolation.

Answer 17

1. interpolation algorithm
2. 360-degree linear

Question 18

2D & 3D DISPLAYING ALGORITHM
The plane of the reconstructed image was interpolated from data acquired one revolution apart. When these images are formatted into (1) and (2) views, BLURRING can occur.

Answer 18

1. sagittal
2. coronal

Question 19

2D & 3D DISPLAYING ALGORITHM
The solution to the blurring problem is (1) of values separated by (2) degrees—half a revolution of the x-ray tube. This results in improved (3 resolution and greatly improved reformatted sagittal and coronal views.

Answer 19

1. interpolation
2. 180
3. z-axis

Question 20

half a revolution of the x-ray tube

Answer 20

180 degrees

Question 21

represents a collection of methods used in computer graphics and scientific visualization to create a 2D projection from a discretely sampled 3D data set.

Answer 21

VOLUME RENDERING

Question 22

It allows experts to understand medical data from CAT or MRI scanners, and other volumetric data for which geometric surfaces are unavailable—or just too difficult or cost-prohibitive to generate.

Answer 22

VOLUME RENDERING AND DATA VISUALIZATION

Question 23

Provides a way to parse complex data, and reveal intricate 3D relationships.

Answer 23

Volume visualization

Question 24

Virtual reality is currently used for practice in preparing medical and allied health professionals and in preparation for (1) and (2) surgeries.

Answer 24

1. neuro
2. cardiac

Question 25

These 360-degree models are generated using (1) and (2) images and provide (3) surgeons with a detailed planning tool.

Answer 25

1. CT
2. MRI
3. pediatric

Question 26

The hospital is using the (1) technology to create these patient models, the same VR technology is utilized in (2) simulations. This VR is currently being used in the hospital’s (3) and (4) surgery programs.

Answer 26

1. Surgical Theater Precision Virtual Reality
2. F-16 fighter aircraft
3. neurology
4. cardiac

Question 27

Surgical Theater’s VR was recently used at the (1) to create similar patient models for (2) as well.

Answer 27

1. UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals
2. neurosurgery

Question 28

(SUBTOPICS) Medical Image Displaying, Visualization and Representation

Answer 28

I. IMAGE DISPLAYING
II. DISPLAY WORKSTATIONS
AND OTHER TOOLS
III. 2D & 3D DISPLAYING ALGORITHM
IV. 3D VOLUME RENDERING AND RAY-TRACING
V. VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY