MIDTERMS. Flashcards
What type of cells are YOU made of; eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic, a cell that contains membrane-bound structures, base for multicellular organism: animals, plants, and humans as well as some unicellular organisms.
Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells
What is the basic structure of eukaryotic cells?
Has mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. They all float around in cytosol.
What is ATP?
Where is it generated in the cell?
ATP: Ardenosine Triphosphate, An energy source that cells use for most of their work.
ATP is made in the mitochondria. (Powerhouse of the Cell)
The equation for cellular respiration - what goes in and what comes out?
6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light —> C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2.
Goal is to create ATP
Occurs in all living things
Nucleus
Cleus = Claus = He goes into your…
Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
Mitochondria
CHONDRIA = CONJURING _____
The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.
ATP production/cellular respiration
Ribosomes
Rib = meat = protein
Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Nucleic Acids
The storage and expression of genomic information.
DNA
Deoxyriboneucleic acid found mainly in the nucleus
Cell Membrane
Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out; found in animal cells
Where are proteins made in the cell?
Ribosomes
What are Proteins monomers (building blocks)?
Amino Acids - Consist of an amino group, carboxyl group, and a side chain - R (20 different R side chains = 20 different amino acids)
What is the role that DNA plays in the making of a protein (amino acid sequence)
DNA= GENES
The main role of DNA is to carry genetic information and dictate the process of protein synthesis.
How can a mutation in DNA affect proper protein synthesis (the making of a protein) AND its proper function.
When a mutation occurs in DNA, it can change the instructions for making proteins: transcription and translation.
Phospholipid
A major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers which acts as a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults.
Proteins
- Helps repair and build body tissue
- Transporting materials
- Aid the immune system (antibodies)
- Structures in the cell membrane
Cholesterol
A type of Lipid
-Steroids
Fat-like, waxy substance that helps your body make cell membranes, many hormones, and vitamin D. The cholesterol in your blood comes from two sources: the foods you eat and your liver.
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The Fluid Mosaic Model
Describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character
Passive Transport
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion.
Diffusion
The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Osmosis
The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration.
Facilitated Diffusion
A passive movement of particles from high to low concentration through a protein channel in a cell.
Sodium Potassium Pump
A passive movement of particles from high to low concentration through a protein channel in a cell.
