Final Flashcards
What is a mutation?
a different or distinct form or version of something.
What is the function of DNA, RNA, and proteins
DNA & RNA carry genetic information which is read in cells to make the RNA and proteins by which living things function. Allows this information to be copied and passed on to the next generation.
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Protein Macromolecules - amino acids
What is a mutagen?
An agent which causes genetic mutation.
What is a chromosome?
nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
What is the overall purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes, or sex cells
What does Meiosis do for the organism?
reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.
What is an allele?
Forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. (Dominant allege = brown eyes, recessive = blue eyes
How are matings, offspring, siblings, generations, and other relatives represented?
Pedigree
Do individuals evolve or is it populations that evolve?
Populations evolve.
Because individuals in a population vary, some in the population are better able to survive and reproduce given a particular set of environmental conditions.
What is speciation?
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
How do traits become common in a population?
After just a few generations or after thousands, depending on the circumstances, such traits become common in the population.
How does a population evolve over time?
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow
What do organisms compete for?
food, water and space to live, mates, etc.
What role do mutations play in evolution?
Fuel the variability in populations and thus enable evolutionary change.
allele frequency
how common an allele is in a population
gene pool
the combination of all the genes & alleles present in a reproducing population or species.
species
a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
selection pressure
any reason for organisms with certain phenotypes to have either a survival benefit or disadvantage.
genetic variation
differences among the genomes of members of the same species.
heredity
the passing on characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
fitness
The ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring.
Proteins & protein synthesis (transcription and translation)
The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription
RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.
what is happening to the chromosomes in general from the start to finish in meiosis?
reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.
crossing over
a cellular process that happens during meiosis in prophase 1 when chromosomes of the same type are lined up.
independent assortment
describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop
What types of jobs do enzymes do?
A specific type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.
