Final

Question 1

What is a mutation?

Answer 1

a different or distinct form or version of something.

Question 2

What is the function of DNA, RNA, and proteins

Answer 2

DNA & RNA carry genetic information which is read in cells to make the RNA and proteins by which living things function. Allows this information to be copied and passed on to the next generation.

Question 3

What type of macromolecule are enzymes?

Answer 3

Protein Macromolecules - amino acids

Question 4

What is a mutagen?

Answer 4

An agent which causes genetic mutation.

Question 5

What is a chromosome?

Answer 5

nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 6

What is the overall purpose of meiosis?

Answer 6

To produce gametes, or sex cells

Question 7

What does Meiosis do for the organism?

Answer 7

reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.

Question 8

What is an allele?

Answer 8

Forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. (Dominant allege = brown eyes, recessive = blue eyes

Question 9

How are matings, offspring, siblings, generations, and other relatives represented?

Answer 9

Pedigree

Question 10

Do individuals evolve or is it populations that evolve?

Answer 10

Populations evolve.
Because individuals in a population vary, some in the population are better able to survive and reproduce given a particular set of environmental conditions.

Question 11

What is speciation?

Answer 11

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

Question 12

How do traits become common in a population?

Answer 12

After just a few generations or after thousands, depending on the circumstances, such traits become common in the population.

Question 13

How does a population evolve over time?

Answer 13

Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow

Question 13

What do organisms compete for?

Answer 13

food, water and space to live, mates, etc.

Question 13

What role do mutations play in evolution?

Answer 13

Fuel the variability in populations and thus enable evolutionary change.

Question 13

allele frequency

Answer 13

how common an allele is in a population

Question 14

gene pool

Answer 14

the combination of all the genes & alleles present in a reproducing population or species.

Question 15

species

Answer 15

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

Question 16

selection pressure

Answer 16

any reason for organisms with certain phenotypes to have either a survival benefit or disadvantage.

Question 16

genetic variation

Answer 16

differences among the genomes of members of the same species.

Question 17

heredity

Answer 17

the passing on characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

Question 18

fitness

Answer 18

The ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring.

Question 19

Proteins & protein synthesis (transcription and translation)

Answer 19

The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription
RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.

Question 20

what is happening to the chromosomes in general from the start to finish in meiosis?

Answer 20

reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.

Question 21

crossing over

Answer 21

a cellular process that happens during meiosis in prophase 1 when chromosomes of the same type are lined up.

Question 22

independent assortment

Answer 22

describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

Question 23

What types of jobs do enzymes do?

Answer 23

A specific type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.