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Extremity Biomechanics > Midterm - Week 3 > Flashcards

Midterm - Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The talocrural joint is between the

A

Talus (talo-) and tibia and fibula (-crural)

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2
Q

In the talocrural joint, the _____ ligement limits eversion and the _______ ligament limits inversion the most

A
  • Deltoid

- Anterior talofibular of the Lateral collateral

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3
Q

The subtalar joint is

A

Calcaneus moving on talus

*very important for pronation and supination of the foot

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4
Q

The midtarsal/transverse tarsal (Chopart’s) joint is made of

A

Talonavicular

Calcaneocuboid

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5
Q

The Lisfranc’s joint is between the

A

1/2/3 metatarsal and 1/2/3 cuneiforms
AND
4/5 metatarsals with the cuboid

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6
Q

The 1st tarsometatarsal (TMT) is between

A

1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

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7
Q

The 1st metatarsophalangeal joint is between

A

The 1st metatarsal and 1 phalanx

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8
Q

What bones make up the

  • rearfoot
  • midfoot
  • forefoot?
A
  • rearfoot = clcaneus, talus
  • midfoot = navicular, cuboid, 1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms
  • forefoot = metatarsals, phalanges (AKA:Rays)
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9
Q

What makes up the keystone in the arch of the foot?

A

Medial: talus
Lateral: cuboid
Transverse: 2nd metatarsal

*these are the center of the wedge-shaped arch

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10
Q

What makes of the staples in the arch of the foot?

A

Medial: spring ligament
Lateral: plantar ligament
Transverse: transverse metatarsal ligament

*these tie the inferior edges together

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11
Q

What makes up the tie beam in the arch of the foot?

A

Plantar fascia, intrinsics

  • these connect the pillars to prevent separation
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12
Q

What makes up the suspensors in the arch of the foot?

A

Medial: tib anterior and posterior

*these are the slings that hold up the arch

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13
Q

The subtalar joint allows the foot to assume position independent of the ankle and leg. It looks and unlocks the transverse tarsal joint.

In a (pronated/supinated) position, the transverse tarsal joints are parallel and unlocked. This increases (stiffness/flexibility)?

A

Pronated

Flexibility

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14
Q

The subtalar joint allows the foot to assume position independent of the ankle and leg. It looks and unlocks the transverse tarsal joint.

In a (pronated/supinated) position, the transverse tarsal joints are twisted locked. This increases (stiffness/flexibility)?

A

Supinated

Stiffness

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15
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the foot act as spring-like dynamic tie beams to support the arch. They can fatigue with _________ or ______

A

Pronation
Overuse syndrome

*may lead to planter fasciitis

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16
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the foot are (primary/secondary) stabilizers of the arch? Plantar fascia is (primary/secondary)

A

Secondary

Primary

17
Q

The hallucinations/great toe must extend ____ degrees during takeoff

If it’s decreased it’s called

A

65

Hallucination rigidus

18
Q

What is the windlass effect? How is it related to the foot?

A

A windlass is a device that uses a winch/crank and rope to lift a heavy load (like an anchor)

The MTP is the winch/crank, the plantar fascia is the rope, and body weight is the load

19
Q

Pes cavus is (supinated/pronated) whereas per planus is (supinated/pronated)?

A

Supinated foot

Pronated foot

20
Q 
Is this pes cavus or pes planus? (For each)
1. rearfoot Varus 
2. curved
3. usually flexible 
4. decreased shock absorption 
5. Lateral show breakdown
6. Overstretched or weakened
plantar fascia, spring ligament,
and tibialis posterior tendon
7. Weakened tibialis anterior lets
peroneus longus pull foot into
plantar flexion 
8. Metatarsals are at a greater
angle to the ground
A
  1. pes cavus
  2. pes cavus
  3. pes planus
  4. both
  5. Pes cavus
  6. Pes planus
  7. Pes cavus
  8. Pes cavus
21
Q

Is this pes cavus or pes planus? (For each)

  1. Everted calcaneus
  2. Posterior calcaneus
  3. Medial talus
  4. Superior navicular
  5. Dorsiflexed metatarsal
  6. Extended proximal phalanges
A
  1. Pes planus
  2. Pes planus
  3. Pes planus
  4. Pes cavus
  5. Pes planus
  6. Pes cavus
22
Q

A supinated, weight bearing foot ____ the lower limb whereas a pronated, weight bearing foot ____ the lower limb

A

Lengthens

Shortens

23
Q

With the subtalar joint in neutral and forefoot (varum/valgum), the medial forefoot is elevated

A

Varum

24
Q

With the subtalar joint in neutral and forefoot (varum/valgum), the lateral forefoot is elevated

A

Valgum

25
Q

Rearfoot varum is a common cause of _______

A

Pronation syndrome

26
Q

What are the gate changes with forefoot varum

A
  • excessive pronation that lasts into takeoff

- inhibited supinated during takeoff

27
Q

Forefoot valgum often leads to

A

Decreased pronation and ankle sprains

28
Q

In forefoot varum the ____ forefoot is elevated. In forefoot valgum the ____ forefoot is elevated

A 
Varum = medial
VaLgum= Lateral
29
Q

Where should you post for a

  • forefoot varus
  • rearfoot varus
  • forefoot valgus
A
  • medial forefoot post
  • medial rearfoot post
  • lateral forefoot post
30
Q

Are these supinator or pronator shoes?

  • Slip last, curved last
  • Shock absorbing
A

Supinators

31
Q

Are these supinator or pronator shoes?

  • Stiff and supportive
  • Straight last, board last
  • Medial post
A

Pronators

Extremity Biomechanics (9 decks)

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