Midterm - Week 3 Flashcards
The talocrural joint is between the
Talus (talo-) and tibia and fibula (-crural)
In the talocrural joint, the _____ ligement limits eversion and the _______ ligament limits inversion the most
- Deltoid
- Anterior talofibular of the Lateral collateral
The subtalar joint is
Calcaneus moving on talus
*very important for pronation and supination of the foot
The midtarsal/transverse tarsal (Chopart’s) joint is made of
Talonavicular
Calcaneocuboid
The Lisfranc’s joint is between the
1/2/3 metatarsal and 1/2/3 cuneiforms
AND
4/5 metatarsals with the cuboid
The 1st tarsometatarsal (TMT) is between
1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
The 1st metatarsophalangeal joint is between
The 1st metatarsal and 1 phalanx
What bones make up the
- rearfoot
- midfoot
- forefoot?
- rearfoot = clcaneus, talus
- midfoot = navicular, cuboid, 1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms
- forefoot = metatarsals, phalanges (AKA:Rays)
What makes up the keystone in the arch of the foot?
Medial: talus
Lateral: cuboid
Transverse: 2nd metatarsal
*these are the center of the wedge-shaped arch
What makes of the staples in the arch of the foot?
Medial: spring ligament
Lateral: plantar ligament
Transverse: transverse metatarsal ligament
*these tie the inferior edges together
What makes up the tie beam in the arch of the foot?
Plantar fascia, intrinsics
- these connect the pillars to prevent separation
What makes up the suspensors in the arch of the foot?
Medial: tib anterior and posterior
*these are the slings that hold up the arch
The subtalar joint allows the foot to assume position independent of the ankle and leg. It looks and unlocks the transverse tarsal joint.
In a (pronated/supinated) position, the transverse tarsal joints are parallel and unlocked. This increases (stiffness/flexibility)?
Pronated
Flexibility
The subtalar joint allows the foot to assume position independent of the ankle and leg. It looks and unlocks the transverse tarsal joint.
In a (pronated/supinated) position, the transverse tarsal joints are twisted locked. This increases (stiffness/flexibility)?
Supinated
Stiffness
Intrinsic muscles of the foot act as spring-like dynamic tie beams to support the arch. They can fatigue with _________ or ______
Pronation
Overuse syndrome
*may lead to planter fasciitis
Intrinsic muscles of the foot are (primary/secondary) stabilizers of the arch? Plantar fascia is (primary/secondary)
Secondary
Primary
The hallucinations/great toe must extend ____ degrees during takeoff
If it’s decreased it’s called
65
Hallucination rigidus
What is the windlass effect? How is it related to the foot?
A windlass is a device that uses a winch/crank and rope to lift a heavy load (like an anchor)
The MTP is the winch/crank, the plantar fascia is the rope, and body weight is the load
Pes cavus is (supinated/pronated) whereas per planus is (supinated/pronated)?
Supinated foot
Pronated foot
Is this pes cavus or pes planus? (For each) 1. rearfoot Varus 2. curved 3. usually flexible 4. decreased shock absorption 5. Lateral show breakdown 6. Overstretched or weakened plantar fascia, spring ligament, and tibialis posterior tendon 7. Weakened tibialis anterior lets peroneus longus pull foot into plantar flexion 8. Metatarsals are at a greater angle to the ground
- pes cavus
- pes cavus
- pes planus
- both
- Pes cavus
- Pes planus
- Pes cavus
- Pes cavus
Is this pes cavus or pes planus? (For each)
- Everted calcaneus
- Posterior calcaneus
- Medial talus
- Superior navicular
- Dorsiflexed metatarsal
- Extended proximal phalanges
- Pes planus
- Pes planus
- Pes planus
- Pes cavus
- Pes planus
- Pes cavus
A supinated, weight bearing foot ____ the lower limb whereas a pronated, weight bearing foot ____ the lower limb
Lengthens
Shortens
With the subtalar joint in neutral and forefoot (varum/valgum), the medial forefoot is elevated
Varum
With the subtalar joint in neutral and forefoot (varum/valgum), the lateral forefoot is elevated
Valgum
Rearfoot varum is a common cause of _______
Pronation syndrome
What are the gate changes with forefoot varum
- excessive pronation that lasts into takeoff
- inhibited supinated during takeoff
Forefoot valgum often leads to
Decreased pronation and ankle sprains
In forefoot varum the ____ forefoot is elevated. In forefoot valgum the ____ forefoot is elevated
Varum = medial VaLgum= Lateral
Where should you post for a
- forefoot varus
- rearfoot varus
- forefoot valgus
- medial forefoot post
- medial rearfoot post
- lateral forefoot post
Are these supinator or pronator shoes?
- Slip last, curved last
- Shock absorbing
Supinators
Are these supinator or pronator shoes?
- Stiff and supportive
- Straight last, board last
- Medial post
Pronators
