Final - elbow. Flashcards
What joint make up the elbow?
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar
What is the carrying angle? Males vs females?
Oblique joint place due to symmetry of trochlea
Males = 5 degrees Females = 10-15
The carrying angle makes the arm naturally (valgus/varus) when the arm is extended and supinated
Valgus
*tends to keep carried objects away from side of thigh when walking
T/F the elbow is in valgus during extension and varus in flexion or pronation
T
Increased carrying angle is cubital (varum/valgum) and decreased carrying angle is cubital (varum/valgum)
Valgum
Varum
The condyles are angled forward ___ degrees. This aids in increasing ___ and decreasing ___
45
-increases flexion, decreases extension
The trochlear fossa is ______
Anterverted
What is the flexion ROM of the elbow? Extension?
135-150
0-15
What degree range does the functional arc of the elbow occur. What are the most common ADLs performed in this range
Between 30-130 of flexion
-pulling, lifting, feeding, grooming
How much pronation ROM does the elbow have? Supination?
80
When is the functional arc of pronation/supination
100 degrees (50 pro, 50 sup)
What is the tight packed position of the the elbow? Resting positon?
- fully extended and supinated
- flexed 70 and supinated 10
What is the O/I of medial (ulnar) collateral ligament? Which band is the strongest? What does it resist?
- medial epicondyle of humerus -> medial proximal ulna
- anterior band is stronger than posterior and transverse
- valgus stress and distraction all forces
What is the O/I of the lateral (radial) collateral ligament? What does it resist?
- lateral epicondyle to annular ligament/proximal ulna
- varus stress, distraction of the radius, posterolateral dislocation
Which ligament is small and weak, the LCL or MCL?
LCL
Where is the anterior oblique ligament? What does it resist?
- runs diagonally from medial epicondyle to annular ligament and radius
- distraction, valgus, and varus stress wen arm is fully extended
Where is the annular ligament of the elbow? What does it resist?
Attaches to edges of the anterior and posterior radial notch
- radial head distraction, varus stress
What is a nursemaid’s elbow? Who does it affect?
- dislocation of the radial head under the annular ligament (radial head subluxation)
- pediatric 1-3
What is the function of the interosseous membrane? (2 things)
- force transmitter (80% 0f compressive fosses from the wrist)
- helps transmit muscular produced compression forces from radius to ulna
What motion does the interosseous membrane not resist?
Distally applied distraction forces
The radial head is forced against the capitulum with ____ stress. This increases stabilization on the lateral side
Valgus
What is the fat pad sign and what can it signify?
Seen on x-ray
- suggests fracture that is not always visible
