Final - elbow.

Question 1

What joint make up the elbow?

Answer 1

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar

Question 2

What is the carrying angle? Males vs females?

Answer 2

Oblique joint place due to symmetry of trochlea

Males = 5 degrees
Females = 10-15

Question 3

The carrying angle makes the arm naturally (valgus/varus) when the arm is extended and supinated

Answer 3

Valgus

*tends to keep carried objects away from side of thigh when walking

Question 4

T/F the elbow is in valgus during extension and varus in flexion or pronation

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Increased carrying angle is cubital (varum/valgum) and decreased carrying angle is cubital (varum/valgum)

Answer 5

Valgum

Varum

Question 6

The condyles are angled forward ___ degrees. This aids in increasing ___ and decreasing ___

Answer 6

45

-increases flexion, decreases extension

Question 7

The trochlear fossa is ______

Answer 7

Anterverted

Question 8

What is the flexion ROM of the elbow? Extension?

Answer 8

135-150

0-15

Question 9

What degree range does the functional arc of the elbow occur. What are the most common ADLs performed in this range

Answer 9

Between 30-130 of flexion

-pulling, lifting, feeding, grooming

Question 10

How much pronation ROM does the elbow have? Supination?

Answer 10

80

Question 11

When is the functional arc of pronation/supination

Answer 11

100 degrees (50 pro, 50 sup)

Question 12

What is the tight packed position of the the elbow? Resting positon?

Answer 12

• fully extended and supinated

- flexed 70 and supinated 10

Question 13

What is the O/I of medial (ulnar) collateral ligament? Which band is the strongest? What does it resist?

Answer 13

• medial epicondyle of humerus -> medial proximal ulna
• anterior band is stronger than posterior and transverse
• valgus stress and distraction all forces

Question 14

What is the O/I of the lateral (radial) collateral ligament? What does it resist?

Answer 14

• lateral epicondyle to annular ligament/proximal ulna

- varus stress, distraction of the radius, posterolateral dislocation

Question 15

Which ligament is small and weak, the LCL or MCL?

Answer 15

LCL

Question 16

Where is the anterior oblique ligament? What does it resist?

Answer 16

• runs diagonally from medial epicondyle to annular ligament and radius
• distraction, valgus, and varus stress wen arm is fully extended

Question 17

Where is the annular ligament of the elbow? What does it resist?

Answer 17

Attaches to edges of the anterior and posterior radial notch

• radial head distraction, varus stress

Question 18

What is a nursemaid’s elbow? Who does it affect?

Answer 18

• dislocation of the radial head under the annular ligament (radial head subluxation)
• pediatric 1-3

Question 19

What is the function of the interosseous membrane? (2 things)

Answer 19

• force transmitter (80% 0f compressive fosses from the wrist)
• helps transmit muscular produced compression forces from radius to ulna

Question 20

What motion does the interosseous membrane not resist?

Answer 20

Distally applied distraction forces

Question 21

The radial head is forced against the capitulum with ____ stress. This increases stabilization on the lateral side

Answer 21

Valgus

Question 22

What is the fat pad sign and what can it signify?

Answer 22

Seen on x-ray

- suggests fracture that is not always visible