Final - Overhand Throw Flashcards
What are the 5 phase of pitch?
- Wind up/ stride phase
- Early cocking
- Late cocking (acceleration 1)
- Acceleration (acceleration 2)
- Deceleration/follow through
Which phase has the maximum ER of the shoulder/
Late cocking
Which phase occurs until the lead foot contact the mound
Early cocking
Which phase is the lead leg at its highest point?
Wind-up
Wind-up/ stride phase starts with both feet planted. Then, pivot on _____ leg and kick with _____ leg
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
*pitcher keeps COG over back leg
T/F wind-up/stride phase has a low injury risk
T
Which phase occurs from the time the lead leg reaches its max height to the point it contacts the ground?
Early cocking
In the early cocking phase the :
- Pelvic _____
- Low back ______
- Stance leg glut max _____
- Deltoid ___
- Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor initiate____
- Elbow is ___
- tilts and rotates
- slightly arched/extended
- fires
- abducts GH
- GH ER and position humeral head on glenoid fossa
- Flexed
In the early cocking phase, which muscle is the most important scapular stabilizer?
Serratus anterior
T/F there is a high injury risk in early cocking phase?
F - low
Which phase is between the lead foot contact with the ground and the point of maximum ER of the the throwing shoulder?
Late cocking
In the late cocking phase, winding up the spring (increases/decreases) potential energy
Increases
The the later cocking phase the legs and the torso transfer energy to where?
Up to the throwing arm
In late cocking, the:
- pelvic reaches max _____
- ____ muscles retract scap
- ____ muscles abduct and ER the humerus
- ____ muscle abducts and compresses the humerus
- _____ muscles concentrically bring arm into horizontal adduction
- Peak _____ activity is reached with elbow flexion and humeral head compression into the GH fossa
- Rotation
- Rhomboids, levator, trap
- Infraspinatus, teres minor
- Supraspinatus
- Anterior deltoid and pec major
- Biceps
The late cocking phase has the maximum (valgus/varus) force at the elbow
Valgus
Elbow injuries most often happen at what phase?
Max valgus force in late cocking phase
What are the final arm positions in the late cocking phase for
- elbow flexion
- Shoulder ER
- Shoulder abduction
- Shoulder horizontal adduction
- 95 degrees
- 165-175
- 90-95
- 10-20
Which phase is from the max ER to the ball release
Acceleration phase
During the acceleration phases the: 1. \_\_\_ muscles contralaterally flex and rotate the torso 2. \_\_\_ muscles protracts Scap 3. \_\_\_\_\_ muscles IR the GH
- Rectus abdominal, obliques, lumbar paraspinals
- Serratus anterior
- Subscap, pec major, lat dorsi
Which phase does serratus anterior reach it’s max activity
Acceleration
T/F the subscap, pec major and lat dorsi reach their max activity in acceleration phase
T
During the acceleration phase, humerus goes from ____ degrees ER to ____ degrees IR in ____ msec
175
100
42-58
In the acceleration phase the forearm and hand are (ahead/behind) the GH IR
Behind
*whip-like motion
During the acceleration phase, the elbow extension occurs from what?
The force of torso rotation and concentric action of triceps
During acceleration phase, the forearm pronates to ___ degrees
90
The wrist is _____ when the ball leaves the hand
Neutral
Which have occurs from ball release until motion is ceased
Deceleration and follow through
During the deceleration phase, _x inertia is required. This occurs in / time of acceleration
2x
1/2
Which phase is the most violent phase of throwing?
Deceleration and follow through
The increased chance of injury in the deceleration and follow through phase is due to what 2 things?
- Joint loading
- Rapid deceleration of throwing motion
During the deceleration phase, there is (increased,decreased) distraction of GH joint accompanied by horizontal adduction
Increased
During deceleration phase, the muscle pull of movement causes ___cm gap in GH joint
> 2.5cm
The deceleration phase is resisted by
Posterior rotator cuff and anterior GH ligaments
Teres major, infra, posterior deltoid
Teres minor is highly active in resisting ______, horizontal ______, and (IR/ER)
- Anterior humeral head translation
- horizontal adduction
- IR
What is one of the most commonly injured muscles with throwing
Teres minor
During deceleration, the ____ muscles help stabilize scapula
Trap, rhomboids, serratus
During deceleration phase, the ___ muscles rapidly decelerate the elbow and pronating forearm
Biceps and brachialis
During deceleration, the body falls forward and the stance limb pivots at the ___
Hip
What phase do the most injuries occur
Deceleration
What is the injury risk in the wind-up phase?
None
What is the injury risk in the late cocking phase?
Shoulder impingement, Bankart lesion, ulnar nerve, rotator cuff Nd pec major under high tension
What is the injury risk of the acceleration phase?
Grinding of labrum, elbow valgus stress (MCL, ulnar n., etc)
What is the injury risk of the deceleration phase?
Cuff traction (tears), SLAP, Bankart, traction on suprascapular n.
