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Extremity Biomechanics > Final - Wrist And Hand > Flashcards

Final - Wrist And Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What is the keystone of the wrist?

A

Capitate

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2
Q

Which carpal row is unstable?

A

Proximal, most with the radius

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3
Q

Which carpal is the main weight bearing the most fractured

A

Scaphoid

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4
Q

Which carpal is most unstable and dislocates anteriorly?

A

Lunate

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5
Q

Where is the longitudinal arch of the hand and what is the keystone?

A
  • follow 2nd and 3rd rays

- keystone: 2nd and 3rd MCPs

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6
Q

Where is the distal transverse arch of the hand and what is the keystone?

A
  • passes through MCP joints

- keystone: 2nd and 3rd MCPs

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7
Q

Where is the proximal transverse arch of the hand and what is the keystone?

A
  • carpal tunnel

- keystone: capitate

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8
Q

Which arch of the hand is static and rigid? Which is mobile?

A

Proximal transverse

Distal transverse

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9
Q

What makes the bottom and top of the carpal tunnel?

A

Bottom: carpal gutter
Top: flexor retinaculum

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10
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • flexor tendons
  • median nerves
  • no vessels
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11
Q

When is the carpal tunnel compressed?

A

At high degrees of flexion and extension

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12
Q

What are the borders of the tunnel of guy on (ulnar canal?)

A
  • pisiform, hamate, pisohamate ligament, deep flexor retinaculum ad hypothenar muscles
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13
Q

What is the contents of the tunnel of guy on (ulnar canal)?

A
  • ulnar nerve and artery
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14
Q

__% of axial loading is through scaphoid and lunate to the radius. __% of axial loading is through the articulation at the ulnocarpal space

A

80

20

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15
Q

When the wrist is extended the compressive force on the thenars (FOOSH) increases __x through the scaphoid

A

4x

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16
Q

What does the TFCC stand for, where is it and

A

Triangular fibrocartilage complex

Fibrocartilage disc at the distal end of the ulna that articulates with the lunate and triquetrum

17
Q

What is the primary function of the TFCC?

A
  • bind the distal ends of the radius and ulna
18
Q

What is the primary stabilizer of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

TFCC

*helps transfer 20% of the compressive forces form the hand to the forearm

19
Q

The wrist joint is convex on concave meaning is has (same/opposite) roll and slide?

A

Opposite

20
Q

How much flexion occurs at the wrist? Which direction is the roll and slide?

A

70-85

Palmer roll, dorsal slide

21
Q

How much extension occurs at the wrist? Which direction is the roll and slide?

A

60-75

Dorsal roll, palmer slide

22
Q

Does the distal carpal row move more with flexion or extension? The proximal row?

A 
Distal = flexion
Proximal = extension
23
Q

How much ulnar deviation is there? What is the roll and slide in the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum?

A

35-40 degrees

- ulnar roll, radial slide

24
Q

How much radial deviation is there? What is the roll and slide in the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum

A

15-20 degrees

- roll radially and slide ulnarly

25
Q

What is the min function of the extensors?

A

To position and stabilize wrist during finger flexion

*max grip strength at 30-35 wrist extension

26
Q

Which is stronger, wrist extensors or flexors?

A

Flexors

27
Q

What is the functional position of the hand?

A
  • wrist 20-30 degrees extension
  • fingers 45 degrees of MCP and 15 degree PIP/DIP flexion
  • thumb in 45 degrees abduction
28
Q

The MCP joints are __axial and concave on convex meaning they have (same/opposite) roll/slide

A

Biaxial

- same roll and slide

29
Q

What is the function of the valor plate (palmer plate). 2 things

A
  • strengthens the structure of the MCP and IP joint

- limits extension

30
Q

Is there more passive or active motion available at the MCP joints?

A

Passive

*allows fingers to conform to shape of held objects

31
Q

The IP joint is __axial

A

Uniaxial

32
Q

What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?

A

Saddle joint (allows full opposition)

33
Q

The CMC joint for adduction/ abduction is convex on concave meaning the roll and slide occur in (same/opposite) directions? what are they for thumb abduction and adduction?

A

Opposite

Abduction: roll palmarly, slide dorsally
Adduction: roll dorsally, slide palmarly

34
Q

The CMC joint for flexion extension is concave on convex meaning roll and slide occur in (same/opposite) direction

A

Same
Flexion: roll and slide medially
Extension: roll and slide laterally

Extremity Biomechanics (9 decks)

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