Midterm - Week 2 Flashcards
What are the three ways to classify joints based on # of joint surfaces
- Simple
- compound
- complex
What is a simple joint
2 articular surfaces, 1 articulation
Ex: MP joint
What is a compound joint?
3 or more articular surfaces 2 or more articulations
Ex: scaphoid/lunate
What is a complex joint?
2 or more articulation surfaces, an articular disc or meniscus
Ex: TMJ/tibiofemoral joint
What are the 6 anatomical/morphological classifications? [Examples of each?]
- spheroid (ball and socket) [hip and shoulder]
- ellipsoid (condyloid) [radius on scaphoid/lunate]
- arthroid (planer, gliding) [navicular on 1st/2nd cuneiform]
- Sellar (saddle) [trapezium on metacarpal of thumb]
- gignglymus (hinge) [humerus on ulna/radius]
- trichomonas (pivot) [radius on humerus, C1 and C2]
What is osteokinematics classification?
Based on mechanical/joint axes of motion (degrees of freedom)
It’s the movement you see
What is uniaxial? Ex?
1 degree of freedom.
Elbow
What is biaxial? Ex?
2 degrees of freedom
Ex: MP joint
What is Polyaxial? Ex?
3 degrees or more of freedom
Ex: shoulder/hip
What is nonaxial? Ex?
Gliding
Ex: navicular on cuneiform
What are the two types of motions of osteokinematics?
Spin, swing
Spin occurs when the mechanical axis (is stationary/moves)? Swing occurs when the mechanical axis (is stationary/moves?
spin - Stationary
Swing - moves
Spin and rotation occur when mechanical axis (is/is not) parallel to the long axis?
IS
Ex: pronation/supination with radius
Spin and angular movement occurs when mechanical is (is/is not) parallel to the long axis?
IS NOT
Pure swing is (rare/common)? Pure spin is (rare/common)?
Rare
Rare
What are three type os motions of arthrokinematics?
Spin, roll, slide/glide
What is arthrokimatics?
Motion that occurs between articular surfaces of joints. The motion you feel
Spin occurs when _____________ on one articular surface rotates on ___________ on another articular surface
A single point
Roll occurs when ________ on one articular surface contact ________ on another articular surface
Multiple points
Pure roll or slide creates what three problems?
- progression
- distraction
- impingement
Slide/glide occurs when _____ on one articular surface contacts ______ on another articular surface
A single point, multiple points
- For a convex-on-concave surface movement, the convex bone rolls and slides in ________ directions
- For a concave-on-convex surface movement, the concave bone rolls and slides in the _______ direction
Convex = opposite ConcAve= sAme
More congruent surfaces get more (glide or roll)? More incongruent surfaces get more (glide or roll)?
Glide
Roll
Roll always occurs in the (same/opposite) direction as bone movement regardless of whether the joint surface is convex or concave?
Same
Roll and slide are (same/opposite) directions for convex-on-concave?
Opposite
- Roll is in the same direction as angular motion (towards)
- Slide is in the opposite direction as angular motion (away)
Roll and slide are in (same/opposite) direction for concave-on-convex?
Same
When the knee is in open kinetic chain, the tibial-on-femoral extension has the (same/opposite) roll and slide?
Same
When the knee is in closed kinetic chain, the femur-on-tibia extension has the (same/opposite) roll and slide?
Opposite
Closed-packed/ tight packed position occurs at maximal congruency and most ligament and parts of the capsule are (taut/slackened)?
Taut
Ex: midstance
Open-packed/ loose packed occurs in the resting position and the ligaments and capsule are (taut/slackened)?
Slackened
Open chain occurs when the segment furthest away from the body is ________. Closed chain occurs when the segment furthest away from the body is _________
- Free and not fixed to and object
- fixed or stationary
muscle functions as a _____ joint stabilizer and _____ joint alignment
Dynamic
*primary joint stabilization is due to bone fit, capsule, ligament, and surface tension, not muscles
