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Extremity Biomechanics > Midterm - Week 2 > Flashcards

Midterm - Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three ways to classify joints based on # of joint surfaces

A
  • Simple
  • compound
  • complex
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2
Q

What is a simple joint

A

2 articular surfaces, 1 articulation

Ex: MP joint

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3
Q

What is a compound joint?

A

3 or more articular surfaces 2 or more articulations

Ex: scaphoid/lunate

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4
Q

What is a complex joint?

A

2 or more articulation surfaces, an articular disc or meniscus
Ex: TMJ/tibiofemoral joint

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5
Q

What are the 6 anatomical/morphological classifications? [Examples of each?]

A
  • spheroid (ball and socket) [hip and shoulder]
  • ellipsoid (condyloid) [radius on scaphoid/lunate]
  • arthroid (planer, gliding) [navicular on 1st/2nd cuneiform]
  • Sellar (saddle) [trapezium on metacarpal of thumb]
  • gignglymus (hinge) [humerus on ulna/radius]
  • trichomonas (pivot) [radius on humerus, C1 and C2]
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6
Q

What is osteokinematics classification?

A

Based on mechanical/joint axes of motion (degrees of freedom)
It’s the movement you see

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7
Q

What is uniaxial? Ex?

A

1 degree of freedom.

Elbow

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8
Q

What is biaxial? Ex?

A

2 degrees of freedom

Ex: MP joint

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9
Q

What is Polyaxial? Ex?

A

3 degrees or more of freedom

Ex: shoulder/hip

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10
Q

What is nonaxial? Ex?

A

Gliding

Ex: navicular on cuneiform

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11
Q

What are the two types of motions of osteokinematics?

A

Spin, swing

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12
Q

Spin occurs when the mechanical axis (is stationary/moves)? Swing occurs when the mechanical axis (is stationary/moves?

A

spin - Stationary

Swing - moves

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13
Q

Spin and rotation occur when mechanical axis (is/is not) parallel to the long axis?

A

IS

Ex: pronation/supination with radius

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14
Q

Spin and angular movement occurs when mechanical is (is/is not) parallel to the long axis?

A

IS NOT

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15
Q

Pure swing is (rare/common)? Pure spin is (rare/common)?

A

Rare

Rare

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16
Q

What are three type os motions of arthrokinematics?

A

Spin, roll, slide/glide

17
Q

What is arthrokimatics?

A

Motion that occurs between articular surfaces of joints. The motion you feel

18
Q

Spin occurs when _____________ on one articular surface rotates on ___________ on another articular surface

A

A single point

19
Q

Roll occurs when ________ on one articular surface contact ________ on another articular surface

A

Multiple points

20
Q

Pure roll or slide creates what three problems?

A
  • progression
  • distraction
  • impingement
21
Q

Slide/glide occurs when _____ on one articular surface contacts ______ on another articular surface

A

A single point, multiple points

22
Q
  • For a convex-on-concave surface movement, the convex bone rolls and slides in ________ directions
  • For a concave-on-convex surface movement, the concave bone rolls and slides in the _______ direction
A 
Convex = opposite 
ConcAve= sAme
23
Q

More congruent surfaces get more (glide or roll)? More incongruent surfaces get more (glide or roll)?

A

Glide

Roll

24
Q

Roll always occurs in the (same/opposite) direction as bone movement regardless of whether the joint surface is convex or concave?

A

Same

25
Q

Roll and slide are (same/opposite) directions for convex-on-concave?

A

Opposite

  • Roll is in the same direction as angular motion (towards)
  • Slide is in the opposite direction as angular motion (away)
26
Q

Roll and slide are in (same/opposite) direction for concave-on-convex?

A

Same

27
Q

When the knee is in open kinetic chain, the tibial-on-femoral extension has the (same/opposite) roll and slide?

A

Same

28
Q

When the knee is in closed kinetic chain, the femur-on-tibia extension has the (same/opposite) roll and slide?

A

Opposite

29
Q

Closed-packed/ tight packed position occurs at maximal congruency and most ligament and parts of the capsule are (taut/slackened)?

A

Taut

Ex: midstance

30
Q

Open-packed/ loose packed occurs in the resting position and the ligaments and capsule are (taut/slackened)?

A

Slackened

31
Q

Open chain occurs when the segment furthest away from the body is ________. Closed chain occurs when the segment furthest away from the body is _________

A
  • Free and not fixed to and object

- fixed or stationary

32
Q

muscle functions as a _____ joint stabilizer and _____ joint alignment

A

Dynamic

*primary joint stabilization is due to bone fit, capsule, ligament, and surface tension, not muscles

Extremity Biomechanics (9 decks)

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