Midterm Week 2 Flashcards
Temperature ‘Re’
Hot
(5) Temperature & pinyin
Hot (Re) Cold (Han) Warm (Wen) Cool (Liang) Neutral (Ping)
Temperature ‘Han’
Cold
Temperature ‘Wen’
Warm
Temperature ‘Liang’
Cool
Temperature ‘Ping’
Neutral
Quality of Acrid (Xin)
disperse and move
Quality of Sweet (gan)
tonify, harmonize and are sometimes thought to moisten
Quality of Bitter ‘Ku’
drain and dry
Quality of Sour ‘suan’
astringent and prevent or reverse the abnormal leakage of fluids and energy
Quality of Salty ‘xian’
purge and soften
quality of bland ‘dan’
no taste; leach out dampness and promote urination
quality of aromatic ‘xiang’
ability to penetrate through turbidity and revive a particular fx
quality of astringent ‘se’
has the ability to prevent the leakage of fluids
ascription of action
sourness enters __
liver
ascription of actions
acridity enters __
lungs
ascription of action
bitterness enters __
heart
ascription of action
saltiness enters __
kidneys
ascription of action
sweetness enters __
spleen
actions of acrid / pungent / spicy
dispersing out and upward
moving and circulating
enters the lungs
release the exterior is the result of the function and movement of acrid tasting substances
can be a great qi regulator and help dampness or pain (stasis/stagnation)
actions of sweet
tonify, nourish, and strengthen
harmonizing and moderate (not strong and intense)
relieves tensions (STache, spasms and pain)
enters spleen
can normalize fx of ST and SP, but caution w SP Qi deficiency and dampness
Richness, stickiness, thickness– blocks Qi– creates stagnation leading to dampness
actions of bitter
downwards draining/ purging (promote bowel movement; purge heat/fire; descend Qi for vomiting, nausea, belching)
Dry dampness
Because of descending tendency can have a sedating effect
enters the heart
Da Huang– could also release food stagnation and in a sense tonify
action of Salty
Heaviest substances besides minerals purges downwards for constipation softens hardness tends to enter kidney all the seaweeds (scrofula and goiter) many animal products due to their Fe
actions of Sour
Stabilize and bind
astringe / hold / contract
stops movement and can move backwards
contains fluids and qi
enters the liver
can refresh and improve the appetite as well when used appropriately
ST yin– preserve yin (w sweet can produce yin and body fluids)
actions of Astringent
includes sour and sweet
retains and binds
sometimes non-ripe persimmon, inner lining of pomegranate or some red wines (tannic)
feels like a coat on tongue and sucking feeling
happens with charring of herbs
caution– could hold in a patho and trap it in– especially with an ext invasion
actions of bland
diuretic influence (edema)
promote urination
leech out dampness (through urine)
has a downward direction, but milder than bitter or salty
action of aromatic
awakens and revives – digestive system
moves in all direction
stronger than acrid
penetrates through turbidity of closed or blocked
eliminates damp in the joints (rheumatism)
what taste combination produce Yang?
acrid/pungent and sweet
what taste combination produces yin?
sour and sweet
what are 8 parameters in TCM?
ext./int., hot/cold, excess/deficiency, yang/yin
what are tai yang channels?
hand tai yang– small intestine channel
foot tai yang– UB channel
what are shao yang channels?
hand shao yang– SJ channel
foot shao yang– GB channel
what are yang ming channels?
hand yang ming– L.I. channel
food yang mind– ST channel
what are tai yin channels?
hand taiyin– LU
foot taiyin– SP
what are shao yin channels?
hand shaoyin– HT
foot shaoyin– KI
what are jue yin channels?
hand jueyin– PC
foot jueyin– LV
what are Four Levels?
Wei, Qi, Ying, Xue
What are three jiaos?
upper, middle, lower
directional properties of herbs deals with __
gravity more specifically RISE-- upwards-- most flowers go upwards FALL-- downwards-- heavy minerals, shells SINK-- inward FLOAT-- outward
actions of floating/ascending properties
expels superficial evils, ascend yang, expel wind and cold, inducing vomiting, opens the orifices (coma, closed orifice), promoting eruptions (measles), warming yang
actions of sinking and lowering qualities of herbs
clears heat, purging, promoting urination, calming mind, descending yang, stop vomiting, stop cough and asthma, astringent, promote digestion
what are 8 therapeutic methods (ba fa)?
promote sweating (han fa); induce vomiting (tu fa)
purge (xia fa); harmonize (he fe); warm (wen fe)
clear (qing fa); tonify (bu fa); reduce (xiao fa)
what is ‘promote sweating’ used for?
wind cold excess
what is ‘purge’ used for?
yang ming organ constipation
what is ‘clear heat’ used for?
yang ming channel excess (4 bigs)
what is ‘warm’ used for?
excess cold, yang deficiency
Sx - Dx- TP- Rx
Symptoms- diagnosis- treatment principle- prescription
what is the classical measurement of dosage?
qian
what is the modern measurement of dosage?
grams
what is the most common dosage range?
3-12g is a normal dosage range 1 fen= 0.3g 1 qian= ~3g 1 liang (10x)= 30g
what herbs are typically higher dose?
hard, heavy, moderate and bland substances are prescribed in larger dosages; minerals and shells
what herbs are typically lower dose?
light, toxic and strongly-flavored substances are used in smaller dosages; flowers, leaves and aromatic herbs
what other factors are involved?
severity of the problem, patients constitution, age, ST qi depletion, etc.
tech. for combining herbs mutual accentuation (xiang xu)
combination of 2 substances with similar functions to accentuate their therapeutic actions
tech for combining herbs mutual enhancement (xiang shi)
combination of 2 or more substances with different actions in which one of the substances enhances the effect of the other in a specific clinical situation
tech for combining herbs mutual counteraction (xiang wei)
combination in which the toxicity or side effects of one substance are reduced or eliminated by another substance
tech for combining herbs mutual suppression (xiang sha)
converse of mutual counteraction in that here one substance also reduces the undesirable side effects of another
tech for combining herbs mutual antagonism (xiang wu)
ability of 2 substances to minimize or neutralize each other’s positive effects
tech for combining herbs mutual incompatibility (xiang fan)
occurs when the combination of 2 substances gives rise to side effects or toxicity which would not be caused by either substance when used alone
composition of formulas for chief (King, sovereign or lord)
the substance that provides the main therapeutic thrust of the prescription
composition of formulas for deputies (ministers of associates)
enhance or assist the therapeutic actions of the chiefs
composition of formulas for assistants (adjutants)
provide one or more of the following functions: treat accompanying symptoms; moderate the harshness or toxicity of the primary substance; assist the chief and deputies in accomplishing their main objective; or provide assistance from another therapeutic direction
composition of formulas for envoy (messenger or courier)
either guide the other medicines to a specific channel or organ, or exert a harmonizing influence, as is often the case with Gan Cao
