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Herbs 1 > Midterm Week 2 > Flashcards

Midterm Week 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Temperature ‘Re’

A

Hot

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1
Q

(5) Temperature & pinyin

A 
Hot (Re)
Cold (Han)
Warm (Wen)
Cool (Liang)
Neutral (Ping)
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2
Q

Temperature ‘Han’

A

Cold

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3
Q

Temperature ‘Wen’

A

Warm

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4
Q

Temperature ‘Liang’

A

Cool

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5
Q

Temperature ‘Ping’

A

Neutral

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6
Q

Quality of Acrid (Xin)

A

disperse and move

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7
Q

Quality of Sweet (gan)

A

tonify, harmonize and are sometimes thought to moisten

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8
Q

Quality of Bitter ‘Ku’

A

drain and dry

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9
Q

Quality of Sour ‘suan’

A

astringent and prevent or reverse the abnormal leakage of fluids and energy

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10
Q

Quality of Salty ‘xian’

A

purge and soften

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11
Q

quality of bland ‘dan’

A

no taste; leach out dampness and promote urination

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12
Q

quality of aromatic ‘xiang’

A

ability to penetrate through turbidity and revive a particular fx

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13
Q

quality of astringent ‘se’

A

has the ability to prevent the leakage of fluids

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14
Q

ascription of action

sourness enters __

A

liver

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15
Q

ascription of actions

acridity enters __

A

lungs

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16
Q

ascription of action

bitterness enters __

A

heart

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17
Q

ascription of action

saltiness enters __

A

kidneys

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18
Q

ascription of action

sweetness enters __

A

spleen

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19
Q

actions of acrid / pungent / spicy

A

dispersing out and upward
moving and circulating
enters the lungs
release the exterior is the result of the function and movement of acrid tasting substances
can be a great qi regulator and help dampness or pain (stasis/stagnation)

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20
Q

actions of sweet

A

tonify, nourish, and strengthen
harmonizing and moderate (not strong and intense)
relieves tensions (STache, spasms and pain)
enters spleen
can normalize fx of ST and SP, but caution w SP Qi deficiency and dampness
Richness, stickiness, thickness– blocks Qi– creates stagnation leading to dampness

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21
Q

actions of bitter

A

downwards draining/ purging (promote bowel movement; purge heat/fire; descend Qi for vomiting, nausea, belching)
Dry dampness
Because of descending tendency can have a sedating effect
enters the heart
Da Huang– could also release food stagnation and in a sense tonify

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22
Q

action of Salty

A 
Heaviest substances besides minerals
purges downwards for constipation
softens hardness
tends to enter kidney
all the seaweeds (scrofula and goiter)
many animal products due to their Fe
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23
Q

actions of Sour

A

Stabilize and bind
astringe / hold / contract
stops movement and can move backwards
contains fluids and qi
enters the liver
can refresh and improve the appetite as well when used appropriately
ST yin– preserve yin (w sweet can produce yin and body fluids)

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24
Q

actions of Astringent

A

includes sour and sweet
retains and binds
sometimes non-ripe persimmon, inner lining of pomegranate or some red wines (tannic)
feels like a coat on tongue and sucking feeling
happens with charring of herbs
caution– could hold in a patho and trap it in– especially with an ext invasion

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25
Q

actions of bland

A

diuretic influence (edema)
promote urination
leech out dampness (through urine)
has a downward direction, but milder than bitter or salty

26
Q

action of aromatic

A

awakens and revives – digestive system
moves in all direction
stronger than acrid
penetrates through turbidity of closed or blocked
eliminates damp in the joints (rheumatism)

27
Q

what taste combination produce Yang?

A

acrid/pungent and sweet

28
Q

what taste combination produces yin?

A

sour and sweet

29
Q

what are 8 parameters in TCM?

A

ext./int., hot/cold, excess/deficiency, yang/yin

30
Q

what are tai yang channels?

A

hand tai yang– small intestine channel

foot tai yang– UB channel

31
Q

what are shao yang channels?

A

hand shao yang– SJ channel

foot shao yang– GB channel

32
Q

what are yang ming channels?

A

hand yang ming– L.I. channel

food yang mind– ST channel

33
Q

what are tai yin channels?

A

hand taiyin– LU

foot taiyin– SP

34
Q

what are shao yin channels?

A

hand shaoyin– HT

foot shaoyin– KI

35
Q

what are jue yin channels?

A

hand jueyin– PC

foot jueyin– LV

36
Q

what are Four Levels?

A

Wei, Qi, Ying, Xue

37
Q

What are three jiaos?

A

upper, middle, lower

38
Q

directional properties of herbs deals with __

A 
gravity
more specifically 
RISE-- upwards-- most flowers go upwards
FALL-- downwards-- heavy minerals, shells
SINK-- inward
FLOAT-- outward
39
Q

actions of floating/ascending properties

A

expels superficial evils, ascend yang, expel wind and cold, inducing vomiting, opens the orifices (coma, closed orifice), promoting eruptions (measles), warming yang

40
Q

actions of sinking and lowering qualities of herbs

A

clears heat, purging, promoting urination, calming mind, descending yang, stop vomiting, stop cough and asthma, astringent, promote digestion

41
Q

what are 8 therapeutic methods (ba fa)?

A

promote sweating (han fa); induce vomiting (tu fa)
purge (xia fa); harmonize (he fe); warm (wen fe)
clear (qing fa); tonify (bu fa); reduce (xiao fa)

42
Q

what is ‘promote sweating’ used for?

A

wind cold excess

43
Q

what is ‘purge’ used for?

A

yang ming organ constipation

44
Q

what is ‘clear heat’ used for?

A

yang ming channel excess (4 bigs)

45
Q

what is ‘warm’ used for?

A

excess cold, yang deficiency

46
Q

Sx - Dx- TP- Rx

A

Symptoms- diagnosis- treatment principle- prescription

47
Q

what is the classical measurement of dosage?

A

qian

48
Q

what is the modern measurement of dosage?

A

grams

49
Q

what is the most common dosage range?

A 
3-12g is a normal dosage range
1 fen= 0.3g
1 qian= ~3g
1 liang (10x)= 30g
50
Q

what herbs are typically higher dose?

A

hard, heavy, moderate and bland substances are prescribed in larger dosages; minerals and shells

51
Q

what herbs are typically lower dose?

A

light, toxic and strongly-flavored substances are used in smaller dosages; flowers, leaves and aromatic herbs

52
Q

what other factors are involved?

A

severity of the problem, patients constitution, age, ST qi depletion, etc.

53
Q 
tech. for combining herbs
mutual accentuation (xiang xu)
A

combination of 2 substances with similar functions to accentuate their therapeutic actions

54
Q 
tech for combining herbs
mutual enhancement (xiang shi)
A

combination of 2 or more substances with different actions in which one of the substances enhances the effect of the other in a specific clinical situation

55
Q 
tech for combining herbs
mutual counteraction (xiang wei)
A

combination in which the toxicity or side effects of one substance are reduced or eliminated by another substance

56
Q 
tech for combining herbs
mutual suppression (xiang sha)
A

converse of mutual counteraction in that here one substance also reduces the undesirable side effects of another

57
Q 
tech for combining herbs
mutual antagonism (xiang wu)
A

ability of 2 substances to minimize or neutralize each other’s positive effects

58
Q 
tech for combining herbs
mutual incompatibility (xiang fan)
A

occurs when the combination of 2 substances gives rise to side effects or toxicity which would not be caused by either substance when used alone

59
Q

composition of formulas for chief (King, sovereign or lord)

A

the substance that provides the main therapeutic thrust of the prescription

60
Q

composition of formulas for deputies (ministers of associates)

A

enhance or assist the therapeutic actions of the chiefs

61
Q

composition of formulas for assistants (adjutants)

A

provide one or more of the following functions: treat accompanying symptoms; moderate the harshness or toxicity of the primary substance; assist the chief and deputies in accomplishing their main objective; or provide assistance from another therapeutic direction

62
Q

composition of formulas for envoy (messenger or courier)

A

either guide the other medicines to a specific channel or organ, or exert a harmonizing influence, as is often the case with Gan Cao

Herbs 1 (19 decks)

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