Midterm - Unit 2 - Brazil

Question 1

BRAZIL facts:

Answer 1

1) Country of contrast duality
2) Diverse landscape- amazon and northeast farmland
3) Major Cities NE: Recife and Salvador
4) Major cities in country and on the SE: Sao Paolo and Rio de Janeiro
5) SE is the most developed and populated area of Brazil

Question 2

Capoeira

Answer 2

Based on African Congo and Angola regions
Roda- ring is the basic model of the dance,Circle of people surrounding dancers represents protection and containment
strategic blending of dance and fighting

Question 3

Cavalaria

Answer 3

rhythmic warning cuing dancers for police presence

Question 4

Quilombos

Answer 4

• Independent black communities in backland of Brazil composed of escaped slaves
  Qulombo dos Palmares - Alagoas - NE Brazil

Question 5

Zumbi

Answer 5

African Quilombo freedom fighter and legendar leader of Palmares
Fought the Portuguese to defend the Quilombos
Expert in Capoeira

Question 6

Ruffanism

Answer 6

Anti-government criminal activity
Escaped slaves has developed a more hostile form of capoeira
They used crime as a means of supporting themselves

Question 7

1890

Answer 7

In response to Ruffanism Brazilian government outlawed the practice of Capoeria

Question 8

Mestre Bimba

Answer 8

responsible fo the academization of Capoeria

Question 9

2 types of Capoeira

Answer 9

1) Regional: more martial, associated w/ Rio & Master Bimba
2) Angola: Said to be more the “original” style of Capoeira, less martial, more strategic

Question 10

Candomblé

Answer 10

Afro-brazilian spirit posession religion
Fusion of African and catholic beliefs
Developed in Bahia
Originated from Yoruba
Used as method of political resistance and cultural survival

Question 11

Orixas

Answer 11

• Represent forces of nature – the sea, the wind, the forest, lightning, disease, etc.
• Properly invoked, orixas help worshippers deal with personal problems, illness, etc.
• Brazilian children are often given a “saint”, or orixa, with whom they identify.
Each Orixa has a specific drum beat, color, and dance step associated with it

Question 12

T/F: The Orixas were identified as catholics saints?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Orixa: Yemanja

Answer 13

Virgin Mary

Question 14

Orixa: Lansa

War goddess -

Answer 14

War goddess - Saint Barbara-y

Question 15

Orixa: Ogun

Answer 15

Iron, war, rage - Saint George

Question 16

Orixa: Legba

Answer 16

Crossroads - Saint Peter

Question 17

Orixa: Exu

Answer 17

Messenger, transition - red devil

Question 18

oro

Answer 18

Candomblé ceremonies are called
The goal of the oro is to invite the orisha to come into the space and for the orisha’s spirit to enter the worshipper. Rituals last several hours, and involve music and dance.

Question 19

terreiro

Answer 19

big yards where the ceremonies are held

Question 20

Purpose of a Candomble Ceremony

Answer 20

• Maintain a connection w/ african roots
• To identify w/ ones chosen saint or Orixa
• To call upon a specific Orixa for healing or protection

Question 21

Entrudo

Answer 21

Entrance to lent

Release of tensions

Question 22

African roots in central African coronation traditions:

Answer 22

1) Portugese feast day of our lady of the rosary
2) Congada- Fusion of catholic and African tradition
3) Day of the kings

Question 23

Abolition in 1888

Answer 23

Migration of newly freed slaves to Rio de Janeiro
Police regulations sought to limit black influence on carnival
Carnival became a center of controversy

Question 24

Samba school activities:

Answer 24

Fund raising, rehearsing, making costumes

Question 25

1928 -

Answer 25

Members of Sao Carlos favela created the first Samba School, named “Let Them Talk”

Question 26

Sambadrome

Answer 26

Stadium of Samba
Massive pavement layout with bleachers for giant samba festivals
built in 1984 – 634 yards of pavement flanked by bleachers for spectators, with television coverage, etc.

Question 27

Samba No Pé

Answer 27

a female soloist style.
Contemporary styles are characterized by elaborate costumes, new sambas, new dance steps, and historical, folkloric, mythical, satirical, and fantastical themes.

Question 28

samba de roda.

Answer 28

It is very old style of Samba and originated from the colonial era in Brazil.