Midterm - Unit 2 - Brazil Flashcards
BRAZIL facts:
1) Country of contrast duality
2) Diverse landscape- amazon and northeast farmland
3) Major Cities NE: Recife and Salvador
4) Major cities in country and on the SE: Sao Paolo and Rio de Janeiro
5) SE is the most developed and populated area of Brazil
Capoeira
Based on African Congo and Angola regions
Roda- ring is the basic model of the dance,Circle of people surrounding dancers represents protection and containment
strategic blending of dance and fighting
Cavalaria
rhythmic warning cuing dancers for police presence
Quilombos
- Independent black communities in backland of Brazil composed of escaped slaves
Qulombo dos Palmares - Alagoas - NE Brazil
Zumbi
African Quilombo freedom fighter and legendar leader of Palmares
Fought the Portuguese to defend the Quilombos
Expert in Capoeira
Ruffanism
Anti-government criminal activity
Escaped slaves has developed a more hostile form of capoeira
They used crime as a means of supporting themselves
1890
In response to Ruffanism Brazilian government outlawed the practice of Capoeria
Mestre Bimba
responsible fo the academization of Capoeria
2 types of Capoeira
1) Regional: more martial, associated w/ Rio & Master Bimba
2) Angola: Said to be more the “original” style of Capoeira, less martial, more strategic
Candomblé
Afro-brazilian spirit posession religion Fusion of African and catholic beliefs Developed in Bahia Originated from Yoruba Used as method of political resistance and cultural survival
Orixas
• Represent forces of nature – the sea, the wind, the forest, lightning, disease, etc.
• Properly invoked, orixas help worshippers deal with personal problems, illness, etc.
• Brazilian children are often given a “saint”, or orixa, with whom they identify.
Each Orixa has a specific drum beat, color, and dance step associated with it
T/F: The Orixas were identified as catholics saints?
True
Orixa: Yemanja
Virgin Mary
Orixa: Lansa
War goddess -
War goddess - Saint Barbara-y
Orixa: Ogun
Iron, war, rage - Saint George
Orixa: Legba
Crossroads - Saint Peter
Orixa: Exu
Messenger, transition - red devil
oro
Candomblé ceremonies are called
The goal of the oro is to invite the orisha to come into the space and for the orisha’s spirit to enter the worshipper. Rituals last several hours, and involve music and dance.
terreiro
big yards where the ceremonies are held
Purpose of a Candomble Ceremony
- Maintain a connection w/ african roots
- To identify w/ ones chosen saint or Orixa
- To call upon a specific Orixa for healing or protection
Entrudo
Entrance to lent
Release of tensions
African roots in central African coronation traditions:
1) Portugese feast day of our lady of the rosary
2) Congada- Fusion of catholic and African tradition
3) Day of the kings
Abolition in 1888
Migration of newly freed slaves to Rio de Janeiro
Police regulations sought to limit black influence on carnival
Carnival became a center of controversy
Samba school activities:
Fund raising, rehearsing, making costumes
1928 -
Members of Sao Carlos favela created the first Samba School, named “Let Them Talk”
Sambadrome
Stadium of Samba
Massive pavement layout with bleachers for giant samba festivals
built in 1984 – 634 yards of pavement flanked by bleachers for spectators, with television coverage, etc.
Samba No Pé
a female soloist style.
Contemporary styles are characterized by elaborate costumes, new sambas, new dance steps, and historical, folkloric, mythical, satirical, and fantastical themes.
samba de roda.
It is very old style of Samba and originated from the colonial era in Brazil.
