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EMT > Midterm study guide > Flashcards

Midterm study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the emergency response guidebook?

A

A book that helps first responders with dangerous goods. It helps them quickly identify hazardous materials Emergency procedures.

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2
Q

What is the FCC?

A

They’re the regulators, they relegate communications by radio, television/ wire satellite, and cable.

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3
Q

What are the different planes of the body?

A

Frontal Plane (coronal plane)
Sagittal Plane (Median Plane)
Transverse Plane (Horizontal Plane)
pg.109

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4
Q

What are the division line of the body

A

Superior, Midaxillary, Inferior

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5
Q

What are the directional terms

A

Superior: toward the head
Inferior: Away from the head
Medial: toward the midline of the body
Posterior (Dorsal): the back of the body
Anterior (Ventral): Front of the body
Lateral: to the side away from the midline of the body
Distal: further away from the torso
Proximal: closer to the torso

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6
Q

What are common prefixes / suffixes and word roots?

A

Brady(slow): Bradycardia, Bradypnea
Tachy(Fast): Tachycardia, Tachypnea
Hypo(Below normal, low): Hypotension(low blood pressure)
Hypoglycemia(low blood sugar)
Hyper( above normal high): Hypertension, Hyperglycemia

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7
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyper/hypoglycemia and treatments for each

A

Hypoglycemia: Being nervous or anxious, sweating and clamminess, Tachycardia, hunger
Treatments: eating or drinking sugar/carbohydrates, glucagon
Hyperglycemia: Frequent urination, extreme hunger, Fatigue, increased thirst
Treatment: quick acting insulin

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8
Q

What is your first priority going into every call?

A

Scene Safety (my safety)

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9
Q

signs and sypmtoms of ischemic stroke

A

Sudden trouble speaking, confusion, trouble walking, loss of balance coordination, severe headache with no cause.

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke

A

Weakness of one side of the body or paralysis of one side of the body, seizures, sensitivity to light.

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11
Q

TIA symptoms

A

Very similar to a stroke but doesn’t cause permanent damage,

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12
Q

What is the Cincinati stroke scale?

A

a prehospital scale to assess stroke probability:
Facial droop
Arm drift
Slurred speech

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13
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

A prolonged seizure or situation in which a patient has 2 or more convulsive seizures without regaining full consciousness

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14
Q

What are the parts of a scene size up

A

dertermine if scene/situation is safe
Determine if its noi/moi
number of patients
Request additional assistance if necessary
Consider spinal stabilization

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15
Q

What does a primary assessment include?

A

General impression of the patient
Mental status
ABC’s
Priority

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16
Q

What does secondary assessment include?

A

physical examination, Patient history, Vital signs

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17
Q

The reason EMS was called, usually in the patient’s own words?

A

Chief complaint

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18
Q

OPQRST

A

Onset
Provocation
Quality
Radiation
Severity
Time

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19
Q

SAMPLE

A

Symptoms
Allergies
Medication
Pertinent Patient History
Last Oral intake
Events leading to present ilness

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20
Q

AVPU

A

Alert
Verba
Pain
Unresponsive

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21
Q

S/S of Mi how can we treat it

A

s/s: chest, jaw, neck, arm epigastrium discomfort, dyspnea, nausea and or vomiting syncope
Treatment: transport to a facility that specializes in cardiology

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22
Q

Characteristics of carbon monoxide

A

Highly poisonous, odorless, and tasteless
and very flamable

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23
Q

S/S and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

S/S: Headache, Dizziness, breathing difficulty, Nausea, Cyanosis, Altered mental status in severe cases unconsciousness.
Treatment: High concentration oxygen

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24
Q

Pain that is felt in another location other than where the pain originates.

A

referred pain

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25
Q

A poorly localized, dull or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs or visceral.

A

Visceral pain

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26
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

stomach virus usually called stomach flu

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27
Q

Difference between off and online medical direction

A

offline is standing orders already in place no need to speak to MD. Online are given when the EMT calls MD and are given directly.

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28
Q

What is the function of insulin and glucose in the body

A

Glucose is the body’s basis source of energy insulin is a hormone that regulates the body’s energy supply

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29
Q

Difference between type 1 and 2 diabetes

A

type one when the pancreas creates little to no insulin.
Type 2 When the body has a hard time controlling blood sugar and using it for energy.

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30
Q

When interviewing a patient what type of questions should you use

A

Close ended questions

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31
Q

What organ is usually associated with alcohol abuse

A

Liver

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32
Q

S/S os ALCOHOL ABUSE

A

Blurred vision
Poor coordination
confusion
Lack of memory blackout
Altered mental status

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33
Q

What are dt’s s/s?

A

DT’s are reactions that can be part of alcohol withdrawal.
S/S include: Hypertension, Hallucinations, Seizures, tachycardia

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34
Q

What is albuterol

A

It sis medication that opens up the airways in the lungs.
It only can be given by inhalation.

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35
Q

S/S of AAA

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: ballooning or weakening of the wall of the aorta as it passes through the abdomen.
s/s: sharp or tearing pain that radiayes to the back .

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36
Q

What the EMT is allowed to do (procedures drug administration)

A

Scope of practice

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37
Q

Waves of sharp pain caused by kidney dysfunction.

A

renal colic

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38
Q

renal calculi s/s

A

Kidney stones. If remain in kidneys symptoms but if it descends from kidneys and get lodged in the ureter causes severe pain that radiates to the groin area

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39
Q

S/S of schizophrenia

A

When the patients has thoughts or experiences that seem out of touch with reality
S/S: Hallucination, amnesia, mental confusion paranoia, fear, incoherent speech

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40
Q

What age group is concerned about body image?

A

Adolescence age 13-18

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41
Q

difference between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism

A

Aerobic uses oxygen to metabolize glucose into while in anaerobic glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen.

42
Q

When should you use a NRB?

A

10-15l/min more severe case shows signs of respiratory distress but is consciousness and can maintain their airway. Example: RR:26/min, SPO2:90%, W:1-2-word sentences with labored breathing

43
Q

When should you use a nasal canula?

A

1-6 liters/min you should use it when the patients RR SPO2 aren’t that far off from normal reading. Also, the patient can still speak up to 4 words and when there are no retractions and full accessory muscle use Example RR: 22/min SPO2 92% W 3-4 words.

44
Q

When should you use a BVM?

A

15l/min when the patient is unresponsive and can’t maintain their own airway.
Example: RR:8/min SPO2:86% W:0 L: unresponsive

45
Q

Epi auto injector dosage and steps

A

Dosage: Adults:0.3mg Infant/child: 0.15mg
1.Obtain patients auto injector insure:
A.5 rights
B. Medication is not dissolved or expired
2. obtain order from medical direction offline or online
3. Remove safety cap
4.Grasp center of injector
5. place injector on mid lateral thigh
6. Press firmly into skin until it activates and hold for 10 seconds.
7.Document administration and time
8.Dispose in biohazard container.

46
Q

Routes of administration

A

1.Oral: chewed or swallowed
2.Sublingual: under the tongue
3. Inhaled or breath through lungs.
4. Subcutaneous: under the skin
5. intravenous: injected into veins
6.Intramuscular: Injected into the muscle
7.Intranasal: sprayed into nostrils
8. Intraosseous: injected into bone marrow cavity
9. Endotracheal: sprayed directly into a tube inserted into the trachea

47
Q

What is the normal blood glucose levels?

A

60-140mg per deciliter or 60-140mg/dL

48
Q

What cell fragment are attracted to injured tissues to initiate clotting?

A

Platelets

49
Q

What drug administration will typically absorb through the mucous membrane

A

Intranasal

50
Q

5 stages of grief

A

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

51
Q

What does the abbreviation po stand for?

A

per os or by mouth

52
Q

Where is your appendix located?

A

in your lower right quadrant

53
Q

S/S of appendicitis

A

Nausea and sometimes vomiting, initial pain in the umbilicus, followed by persistent pain in the RLQ.

54
Q

A hole in the muscle layers of the abdominal wall, allowing tissues usually intestines to protrude up against the skin?

A

Hernia

55
Q

S/S of a Gi bleed

A

Black or tarry stool, dark or bright red blood mixed with stool, coffee ground emesis.

56
Q

What is an acute stress reaction?

A

A reaction that occurs simultaneously with or shortly after the critical incident

57
Q

Where are the majority of ambulance accidents located

A

Intersection

58
Q

When an EMT acts with proper care and concern

A

Due regard

59
Q

How does cpr differ from adults’ children and infants?

A

In children you would check the heel of their feet for responsiveness
with chest compressions for a child you would use 2 fingers also back slaps

60
Q

4 ways poison can enter the body.

A

Ingested, Inhaled, Absorbed, Injected

61
Q

Which rhythm is shockable by an AED

A

ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia

62
Q

How often do we reassess vitals on a unstable patient

A

Every 5 minutes

62
Q

How often do we reassess vitals on a stable patient

A

Every 15 minutes

63
Q

What is the recommended dosage for intranasal naloxone for an adult patient

A

2 mg

64
Q

Which patient would benefit most from activated charcoal poisoning

A

Patient that attempted a stimulant overdose

65
Q

With exception of the_, most abdominal organs are not able to sense tearing sensations

A

The Aorta

66
Q

Organs of the right upper quadrant include:

A

Most of the liver, gallbladder, and part of the large intestine

67
Q

Once you have established with reasonable certainty that your patient is suffering from a behavioral emergency, what is the best course of action

A

Attempt to determine if there is a possible physical cause for the patient’s behavior

68
Q

Your patient is a 15 year old female who has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has no history of violent behavior. The staff at her residential care facility wants her to be transported for evaluation of a possible urinary tract infection. What could be a good way to handle this situation

A

Have female EMT attend to the patient

69
Q

What is not a difference between acute anemia and chronic anemia

A

A Ute only progresses to shock overtime

70
Q

The blood has many functions critical to a patient’s health. What is not a function of the blood

A

Removal of carbon monoxide from the cells

71
Q

A patient with sickle cell anemia SCA may occasionally experience _,causing a blockage of small blood vessels

A

Sludging

72
Q

Major functions of the kidneys

A

Filtration of blood, Removing waste products, Balancing salts and fluids

73
Q

How hepatitis c spreads

A

It spreads through blood

74
Q

When would an EMT use an Emergency move?

A

The scene is hazardous.
Care of life-threatening conditions requires repositioning.
You must reach other patients

75
Q

When should an EMT use a urgent move

A

The treatment can only be performed if the patient is moved.
Factors at the scene cause patient decline

76
Q

When should an EMT use an non urgent move

A

When there is no immediate threat to life

77
Q

Normal vitals for an adult and how does it differ from children and infants.

A

Normal Vitals:
RR: 12-20/min
BP: Less than or equal to 120 (120/80)
Pulse 60-100/min
Its different from children and infants because infants and childrens resoiratory rate and heart rate are higher while their bp is lower

78
Q

microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria that are carried in blood that cause disease in people?

A

Bloodborne pathogens

79
Q

difference between open ended and close ended question

A

An open requires more than a yes or no answer. Example what can you tell me about your back pain?
Close ended requires only a yes or no. Ex: do you have a headache?

80
Q

How can you violate HIPAA as an EMT

A

Breaching patient confidentiality

81
Q

s/s of PTSD

A

Sleep: Nightmares
Mood: Loss of interest in activities guilt
Psychological: flash back, fear, anxiety

82
Q

tidal vs minute volume

A

tidal is the volume of air moved in one cycle, its different from minute because in order to get it you have to multiply tidal by the respiratory rate.

83
Q

Obligation to provide care for a patient

A

Duty to act

84
Q

How to lift safely

A

Position feet properly
Use your legs
never turn or twist
do not compensate when lifting with one hand
Keep weight close to the body

85
Q

when lifting a patient EMTs should have their palms

A

Facing up

86
Q

When can I give oral glucose

A

Symptoms of altered mental status with known history of diabetes and patient is conscious

87
Q

dehydration signs and symptoms

A

dry mouth lips and tongue, thirsty, dark yellow strong smelling pee

88
Q

When two or more bones meet to allow movement

A

joints

89
Q

What do crackles in the lungs indicate

A

Pulmonary Edema

90
Q

What organ might be affected if a patient has RUQ pain

A

Gallbladder

91
Q

Solid organs

A

Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, Kidneys

92
Q

Hollow organs

A

Esophagus, Stomach, small and large intestine, appendix gallbladder and bladder

93
Q

abnormally low number of RBCs in the circulation due to SCD

A

SCA sickle cell anemia

94
Q

inflammation of the kidney

A

pyelonephritis

95
Q

Heps mode of transmission
Differences

A

A: Fecal oral
B and C: blood, semen, CSF, vaginal secretions
HEP A: leads to jaundice
B: Similar to a but more serious
C: you can get infected showing no symptoms and there is no vaccination

96
Q

Opioid triad

A

symptoms seen in overdose:
Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and decreased level of consciousness

97
Q

carry chemical signals “messages” from one neuron (nerve cell) to the next target cell.

A

neurotransmitters

98
Q

indications and contraindications of aspirin

A

Inda: complain of chest discomfort, not allergic, patient is not taking blood thinners, able to swallow.
Contra: is taking blood thinners, allergic unable to swallow, has a known bleeding disorder,

99
Q

ROSC

A

Return os spontaneous circulation is when the heart begins to beat on its own. After that you go from cardiac arrest mode to a post arrest model.

100
Q

oragns of the RLQ

A

Appendix

EMT (31 decks)

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