Chapter 6 Terminology Flashcards
The study of body structure
Anatomy
The study of body function
Physiology
Adams apple
Thyroid cartilage
The system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
Skeletal system
The bones of the body
Skeleton
Tissue that contract to allow movement
Muscle 
Tissue that connects bone to bone
Ligament
Tissue that connects muscle to bone
Tendon 
Bony structure of the head
Skull
Top back sides of the skull
Cranium
Lower jaw bone
Mandible
Two fused bones forming the upper jaw
Maxillae
Bones that comprise the nasal cavity
Nasal bones
The bony structures around the eye
Orbits
Bones that form the structure of the teeth
Zygomatic arches
A system that helps manage the ph of blood
Buffer system
Kneecap
Patella
Breast bone
Sternum
Organs, tissue, and vessels help maintain fluid balance contributes to immune system
Lymphatic system
The chest
Thorax
Superior portion portion of the sternum
Manubrium
Inferior portion of sternum
Xiphoid process
Basin shaped, supports spine. point of proximal attachment for lower extremities
Pelvis
Superior and widest portion of the pelvis on both sides of the pelvis
Ilium
Lower posterior portions of pelvis
Ischium
Medial anterior portion of pelvis
Pubis
Pelvic socket into which the ball at proximal end of femur forms hip joint
Acetabulum
Large bone of thigh
Femur
Medial and larger bone of the lower leg
Tibia
Lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
Fibula
Bony protrusions seen on either side of of ankle joint
Malleolus
Ankle bones
Tarsals
Foot bones
Metatarsal’s
Heel bone
Calcaneus
Bones of fingers and toes
Phalanges
The collarbone
Clavicle
Shoulderblade
Scapula
Highest portion of the shoulder
Acromion process
Joint where acromion and clavicle meet
Acromioclavicular joint
Bone of upper arm between shoulder and elbow
Humerus
Lateral bone of forearm
Radius
Medial bone of forearm
Ulna
Wrist bones
Carpals
Hand bones
Metacarpals
Point where two bones come together
Joint
Muscles that can be consciously controlled
Voluntary Muscle
Muscle that responds automatically but can’t be consciously controlled
Involuntary muscle
Muscle only found in heart
Cardiac muscle
Heart generating and conducting electrical impulses
Automaticity
Artery of lower arm felt when taking pulse at thumb side of wrist
Radial artery
System that brings in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
Respiratory system
Area directly posterior to the mouth
Oropharnyx
Area directly posterior to the nose
Nasopharynx
Directly posterior to mouth and nose made up of oro and nasopharynx
Pharynx
Leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
Epiglottis
Voice box
Larynx
Ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage
Structure that connects pharynx to lungs ( windpipe )
Trachea
Organs Where the exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide takes place
Lungs
Two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter lungs
Mainstream bronchi
Sacs of the lungs where gas exchange and bloodstream take place
Alveoli
Major muscle of respiration divides chest and abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Intercostal rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing chest cavity size and causing are flow to lungs
Inhalation
Rib muscles and diaphragm relax causing chest cavity to decrease in size and air flows out of lungs
Exhalation
Process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between pulmonary air and circulation of blood
Ventilation
System made up of the heart and blood vessels sometimes called circulatory system
Cardio vascular system
The two upper chambers of the heart
Atria
Two lower chambers of the heart
Ventricles
The major venous structure that returns blood from the body to the right atrium
Venae Cava
Structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of fluid in one direction
Valve
System that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
Cardiac conduction system
Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart ( myocardium )
Coronary artery
Largest artery in the body transport blood from left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
Aorta
Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Large neck arteries on each side of neck that carry blood from the heart to the head
Carotid artery
Major artery supplying the leg
Femoral artery
Artery of the upper arm used to check pulse of infant for infant cpr
Brachial artery
Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle
Posterior tibial artery
Artery supplying the foot lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
Dorsalis pedis artery
Smallest kind of artery
Arteriole
A thin wall, microscopic blood vessel, with the oxygen carbon dioxide and nutrient waste exchange with the body cells takes place
Capillary
The smallest kind of vein
Venule
A blood vessel, returning blood to the heart
Vein
Vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
Pulmonary vein
The fluid portion of the blood
Plasma
Components of the blood they carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cell
Red blood cells
Components of the blood, they produce sepsis to help the body fight infection
White blood cells
Components of the blood membrane enclosed fragments of specialized cells clothing of the blood
Platelets
The rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand arteries
Pulse
Radial, branchial, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis are examples of these
Peripheral Pulses
The carotid, and femoral pulses
Central pulses
Blood exerting force against walls of blood vessels
Blood pressure
Pressure created when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood into circulation
Systolic blood pressure
When the left ventricle is refilling
Diastolic blood pressure
Supply of oxygen to and removal of waste from the cells and tissue of the body schedule of flow of blood through capillaries
Perfusion
Inability of the body to circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients
Hypoperfusion
Layer of tissue between body and external environment
Skin
Where digestion of food begins
Stomach
Blood filtration system and reservoir for blood
Spleen
System of brain, spinal cord and nerves that govern sensation movement thought
Nervous system
The brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
The nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor function
Autonomic nervous system
The system in which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms
Digestive system
The muscle stool between the stomach and large intestine divider into duodenum that um and the ilium that receives partially digest food from the stomach and continues digestion
Small intestine
 The muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and removes anything not absorbed by the body to excretion from the body
Large intestine
The largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body
Liver
A sack on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
Gallbladder
A gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine
Pancreas
Small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines function is not well understood it’s inflammation called abendictus is a common cause of abdominal pain
Appendix
Outer layer of the skin
Epidermis
The inner layer of the skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves found beneath the epidermis
Dermis
The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
Subcutaneous layers
System of gland that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions
Endocrine system
A hormone produced by the pancreas, or as a medication by many diabetics
Insulin
A hormone produced by the body as a medication and dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
Epinephrine
The body system, the regulates fluid balance, and the filtration of blood also called the urinary system
Renal system
Oregon of the system, use filter, blood and regulate fluid levels in the body
Kidneys
The round sac organ of the rental system used as a reservoir for urine
Bladder
To connecting the kidneys to the bladder
Ureters
The two connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine
urethra
The female organ of reproduction use for both sexual intercourse, and as an exit for the uterus for the fetus
Vagina
The body system that is responsible for human reproduction
Reproductive system
The male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm
Testes
The organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and trans. Sperm.
Penis
Egg producing organs within a female reproductive system
Ovaries
Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus 
Uterus
A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Artery
